How to write “if…else” mod_rewrite statements in .htaccess

Question

I've scoured StackOverflow for an answer to this and seen many questions come close, but nothing is working for me yet.

I'd like to have my .htaccess apply different rules based on the domain calling it. Basically, if subdomain.example.com is hit, redirect to google.com. If localhost is hit, redirect to yahoo.com. If www.example.com (or example.com) is hit, redirect to bing.com.

I'll be adding in actual rewrite rules (setting environment variables and htpasswd protection) later, but first I need to get the "if then" part working.

My (non-working) code is below. Any help is greatly appreciated.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain\.example\.com$
RewriteRule http://google.com/ [L,R=301]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^localhost$
RewriteRule http://yahoo.com/ [L,R=301]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www\.)?example\.com$
RewriteRule http://bing.com/ [L,R=301]

EDIT: Updated (but still non-working) code based on Barta's comment below.

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain\.domain\.com$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .? - [S=1]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^localhost$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .? - [S=7]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /subdir/www/index.php/$1 [L]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_DB_HOST:localhost]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_DB_NAME:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_USERNAME:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_PASSWORD:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=BASE_URL:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=ENVIRONMENT:XXX]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.com$
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule .? - [S=1]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]

Answer 1

You might find this useful if you are using Apache 2.4.

My server sets an environment variable HTTPS if connecting via HTTPS, though there are different ways to pick up on it. My goal was to force HTTP authentication, but only on a secure connection and redirect non-secure connections to the secure location.

<If "%{HTTPS} == 'on'">
  AuthName "Files are protected, enter your normal website email and password"
  AuthType Basic
  AuthUserFile /home/sites/mysite.co.uk/.htpasswd
  Require valid-user
</If>
<Else>
  RewriteEngine On
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
</Else>

Answer 2

You are trying to rewrite http://bing.com to [L,R=301] instead of anything to http://bing.com with the [L,R=301] flags. Try RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://bing.com/ [L,R=301]

About IF-ELSE: Use the S flag on your RewriteRule like that:

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^subdomain\.example\.com$
RewriteRule .? - [S=<here comes the number of your directives in the "else" part>]
# Here comes your ELSE part:
# Etc. etc.
RewriteRule .? - [S=<here comes the number of your directives in the "if" part>]
# Here comes your IF part.

In the example above if your RewriteCOnd is matched, then the RewriteRule with the S flag skips the following directives and stops the skipping after the Nth skip where N is defined after the S= part. This is your ELSE part. The N number should include your next RewriteRule that skips the IF part.

They are in reversed order, because of the skipping. If you negate the RewriteCond, then they're ok in normal order.

Here's the original example in Apache docs: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/rewrite/flags.html#flag_s

Edit: Try something like that:

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^subdomain\.domain\.com$
RewriteRule .? - [S=1]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^localhost$
RewriteRule .? - [S=7]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /subdir/www/index.php/$1 [L]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_DB_HOST:localhost]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_DB_NAME:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_USERNAME:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=MYSQL_PASSWORD:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=BASE_URL:XXX]
RewriteRule ^ - [E=ENVIRONMENT:XXX]

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^example\.com$
RewriteRule .? - [S=1]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L]