shutting down computer (linux) using python

问题

I am trying to write a script that will shut down the computer if a few requirements are filled with the command

    os.system("poweroff")

also tried

    os.system("shutdown now -h")

and a few others. but nothing happens when I run it, the computer goes through the code without crashing or producing any error messages and terminates the script normally, without shutting down the computer.

How does one shutdown the computer in python?

edit:

Seems that the commands I have tried requires root access. Is there any way to shut down the machine from the script without elevated privileges?

回答1:

Many of the linux distributions out there require super user privileges to execute shutdown or halt, but then, how come that if you're sitting on your computer you can power it off without being root? You open a menu, hit Shutdown and it shutdowns without you becoming root, right?

Well... the rationale behind this is that if you have physical access to the computer, you could pretty much pull the power cord and power it off anyways, so nowadays, many distributions allow power-off though access to the local System Bus accessible through dbus. Problem with dbus (or the services exposed through it, rather)? It's constantly changing. I'd recommend installing a dbus viewer tool such as D-feet (be advised: it's still pretty hard to visualize, but it may help)

Take a look to these Dbus shutdown scripts.

If you still have HAL in your distrubution (is on the way to being deprecated) try this:

import dbus
sys_bus = dbus.SystemBus()
hal_srvc = sys_bus.get_object('org.freedesktop.Hal',
                              '/org/freedesktop/Hal/devices/computer')
pwr_mgmt =  dbus.Interface(hal_srvc,
                'org.freedesktop.Hal.Device.SystemPowerManagement')
shutdown_method = pwr_mgmt.get_dbus_method("Shutdown")
shutdown_method()

This works on a Ubuntu 12.04 (I just powered off my computer to make sure it worked). If you have something newer... well, it may not work. It's the downside of this method: it is very distribution specific.

You might have to install the dbus-python package for this to work (http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-python/doc/tutorial.html)

UPDATE 1:

I've been doing a little bit of research and it looks like this is done in newer Ubuntu versions through ConsoleKit. I've tested the code below in my Ubuntu 12.04 (which has the deprecated HAL and the newer ConsoleKit) and it did shut my computer off:

>>> import dbus
>>> sys_bus = dbus.SystemBus()
>>> ck_srv = sys_bus.get_object('org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit',
                                '/org/freedesktop/ConsoleKit/Manager')
>>> ck_iface = dbus.Interface(ck_srv, 'org.freedesktop.ConsoleKit.Manager')
>>> stop_method = ck_iface.get_dbus_method("Stop")
>>> stop_method()

UPDATE 2:

Probably why can you do this without being root deserves a bit of a wider explanation. Let's focus on the newer ConsoleKit (HAL is way more complicated and messy, IMHO).

The ConsoleKit is a service running as root in your system:

borrajax@borrajax:/tmp$ ps aux|grep console-kit
root 1590  0.0  0.0 1043056 3876 ? Sl   Dec05   0:00 /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon

Now, d-bus is just a message passing system. You have a service, such as ConsoleKit that exposes an interface to d-bus. One of the methods exposed is the Stop (shown above). ConsoleKit's permissions are controlled with PolKit, which (despite on being based on regular Linux permissions) offers a bit of a finer grain of control for "who can do what". For instance, PolKit can say things like "If the user is logged into the computer, then allow him to do something. If it's remotely connected, then don't.". If PolKit determines that your user is allowed to call ConsoleKit's Stop method, that request will be passed by (or through) d-bus to ConsoleKit (which will subsequently shutdown your computer because it can... because it worth's it... because it's root)

回答2:

import os
os.system("shutdown now -h")

execute your script with root privileges.

回答3:

The best way to shutdown a system is to use the following codes

import os
os.system('systemctl poweroff')

回答4:

any way to shut down...without elevated privileges?

No, there isn't (fortunately!).

Keep in mind that you can use several system features to make privilege escalation for normal users easier:

sudo
setuid
setcap

回答5:

Just to add to @BorrajaX 's answer for those using logind (newer fedora systems):

import dbus
sys_bus = dbus.SystemBus()
lg = sys_bus.get_object('org.freedesktop.login1','/org/freedesktop/login1')
pwr_mgmt =  dbus.Interface(lg,'org.freedesktop.login1.Manager')
shutdown_method = pwr_mgmt.get_dbus_method("PowerOff")
shutdown_method(True)

回答6:

linux:

import subprocess
cmdCommand = "shutdown -h now"
process = subprocess.Popen(cmdCommand.split(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

Windows:

import subprocess
cmdCommand = "shutdown -s"
process = subprocess.Popen(cmdCommand.split(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

回答7:

In case you want to execute it from root, @Rahul R Dhobi answer works great:

import os
os.system("shutdown now -h")

Execution: sudo python_script.py

In case you need to execute it without root privileges:

import subprocess
import shlex
cmd = shlex.split("sudo shutdown -h now")
subprocess.call(cmd)

Execution: $ python_script.py # no sudo required

回答8:

import os 

shutdown = input("Do you wish to shutdown your computer ? (yes / no): ") 

if shutdown == 'no': 
    exit() 
else: 
    os.system("shutdown /s /t 1")

回答9:

I'am using Fedora and it works with me. all what i need to do is Writing this line in terminal :

$ sudo python  yourScript.py

回答10:

There is a way to shut down the computer without using elevated permissions.

import os
subprocess.call(['osascript', '-e', 'tell app "system events" to shut down'])

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23013274/shutting-down-computer-linux-using-python

标签

python

Linux

python-2.7

system-shutdown