源码地址:https://github.com/Tinywan/Lua-Nginx-Redis
一、 目标
使用Redis做分布式缓存;使用lua API来访问redis缓存;使用nginx向客户端提供服务,ngx_lua将lua嵌入到nginx,让nginx执行lua脚本,高并发,非阻塞的处理各种请求。url请求nginx服务器,然后lua查询redis,返回json数据。
二、准备工作
系统环境:Ubuntu 14.0 (64位)
Redis服务安装:apt-get install redis-server
安装Git:apt-get install git
安装Lua:
# apt-get install lua5.1 # apt-get install liblua5.1-dev # apt-get install liblua5.1-socket2 # apt-get install -y lua5.1 liblua5.1-0 liblua5.1-0-dev
补充:安装模块:stream-lua-nginx-module 出现的错误信息:
make[1]: *** [objs/addon/src/ngx_stream_lua_socket_tcp.o] Error 1
解决办法:
apt-get install lua-socket
三、下载库
1、当前目录:/home/www 目录下面
2、下载ngx_devel_kit (NDK(nginx development kit)模块,是一个拓展nginx服务器核心功能的模块,第三方模块开发可以基于它来快速实现。
wget https://github.com/simpl/ngx_devel_kit/archive/v0.3.0.tar.gz tar -zxvf v0.3.0.tar.gz
3、lua-nginx-module 下载。可在 Nginx 中嵌入 Lua 语言,让 Nginx 可以支持 Lua 强大的语法。
wget https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module/archive/v0.10.7.tar.gz tar -zxvf v0.10.7.tar.gz
4、redis2-nginx-module 下载。是一个支持 Redis 2.0 协议的 Nginx upstream 模块,它可以让 Nginx 以非阻塞方式直接防问远方的 Redis 服务,同时支持 TCP 协议和 Unix Domain Socket 模式,并且可以启用强大的 Redis 连接池功能。
wget https://github.com/openresty/redis2-nginx-module/archive/v0.13.tar.gz tar -zxvf v0.13.tar.gz
5、set-misc-nginx-module 下载。是标准的HttpRewriteModule指令的扩展,提供更多的功能,如URI转义与非转义、JSON引述,Hexadecimal、MD5、SHA1、Base32、Base64编码与解码、随机数等等
wget https://github.com/openresty/set-misc-nginx-module/archive/v0.31.tar.gz tar -zxvf v0.31.tar.gz
6、echo-nginx-module 下载,是一个 Nginx 模块,提供直接在 Nginx 配置使用包括 "echo", "sleep", "time" 等指令。
wget https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.60.tar.gz tar -zxvf v0.60.tar.gz
7、Nginx 下载
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz
四、安装
1、查看所有下载完的包
root@iZ236j3sofdZ:/home/www# ls echo-nginx-module-0.60 lua-nginx-module-0.10.7 nginx-1.10.3 nginx-1.10.3.tar.gz ngx_devel_kit-0.3.0 redis2-nginx-module-0.13 redis-lua-2.0.4 set-misc-nginx-module-0.31
2、Nginx 配置文件检测
cd nginx-1.10.3/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-debug --with-http_addition_module \--with-http_perl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module \--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_sub_module \--with-sha1=/usr/include/openssl --with-md5=/usr/include/openssl \--add-module=../ngx_devel_kit-0.3.0 \--add-module=../echo-nginx-module-0.60 \--add-module=../lua-nginx-module-0.10.7 \--add-module=../redis2-nginx-module-0.13 \--add-module=../set-misc-nginx-module-0.31
【错误信息1】:
./configure: error: ngx_http_lua_module requires the Lua library
解决办法:
apt-get install lua5.1-0-dev
【错误信息3】:
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
解决办法:
apt-get install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libpcre3-dev \ libssl-dev perl make build-essential curl
【错误信息2】:
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lperl collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
说明:/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lxxx意思是编译过程找不到对应库文件。其中,-lxxx表示链接库文件 libxxx.so。了解更多cannot find -lxxx
解决办法:
apt-get install lperl-dev
五、编译
make make install
编译过程出现这个问题:
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/www/nginx-1.10.3' 什么意思
解决办法:
到你的源码目录内,先make clean 然后./config ...
3、安装lua-redis-parser,lua-resty-redis是openresty(1.9.15.1)的一个组件,简单来说,它提供一个lua语言版的redis API,使用socket(lua sock)和redis通信。
//下载源码包: git clone https://github.com/openresty/lua-resty-redis.git
移动该源码包到/usr/local/nginx/lua/ 这里去
mv lua-resty-redis /usr/local/nginx/lua/
4、使用Redis的提示错误
[error] 7094#0: *1 lua entry thread aborted: runtime error: /usr/local/nginx/conf/lua/test_redis_basic.lua:11: module 'resty.redis' not found: no field package.preload['resty.redis'] no file '/home/www/lua-redis-parser-0.12/resty/redis.lua' no file './resty/redis.lua' no file '/usr/local/share/lua/5.1/resty/redis.lua' no file '/usr/local/share/lua/5.1/resty/redis/init.lua' no file '/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/resty/redis.lua' no file '/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/resty/redis/init.lua' no file '/usr/share/lua/5.1/resty/redis.lua' no file '/usr/share/lua/5.1/resty/redis/init.lua' no file './resty/redis.so' no file '/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/resty/redis.so' no file '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lua/5.1/resty/redis.so' no file '/usr/lib/lua/5.1/resty/redis.so' no file '/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/loadall.so' no file './resty.so' no file '/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/resty.so' no file '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/lua/5.1/resty.so' no file '/usr/lib/lua/5.1/resty.so' no file '/usr/local/lib/lua/5.1/loadall.so' stack traceback:
提示以上错误的原因是Lua的库文件没有加载合适导致的。只需要下载官方的源码包,按照以下应用即可
lua_package_path "/usr/local/nginx/lua/lua-resty-redis/lib/?.lua;;";
六、测试
1、配置nginx.conf(以下是部分代码)
# nginx.conf http { ..... lua_package_path "/usr/local/nginx/lua/lua-resty-redis/lib/?.lua;;"; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } location /lua { echo "Hello Lua"; } location /lua_test { content_by_lua ' ngx.say("Hello Lua! Tinywan") '; } #content_by_lua_block location =/content_by_lua_block { default_type 'text/plain'; content_by_lua_block { ngx.say('Hello : content_by_lua_block') } } location /{ default_type 'text/html'; lua_code_cache off; content_by_lua_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/lua/test_redis_basic.lua; } } }
test_redis_basic.lua 添加以下内容:
local function close_redis(redis_instance) if not redis_instance then return end local ok,err = redis_instance:close(); if not ok then ngx.say("close redis error : ",err); end end local redis = require("resty.redis"); --local redis = require "redis" -- 创建一个redis对象实例。在失败,返回nil和描述错误的字符串的情况下 local redis_instance = redis:new(); --设置后续操作的超时(以毫秒为单位)保护,包括connect方法 redis_instance:set_timeout(1000) --建立连接 local ip = '127.0.0.1' local port = 6379 --尝试连接到redis服务器正在侦听的远程主机和端口 local ok,err = redis_instance:connect(ip,port) if not ok then ngx.say("connect redis error : ",err) return close_redis(redis_instance); end --Redis身份验证 --local auth,err = redis_instance:auth(""); --if not auth then -- ngx.say("failed to authenticate : ",err) --end --调用API进行处理 local resp,err = redis_instance:set("msg","hello world") if not resp then ngx.say("set msg error : ",err) return close_redis(redis_instance) end --调用API获取数据 local resp, err = redis_instance:get("msg") if not resp then ngx.say("get msg error : ", err) return close_redis(redis_instance) end --得到的数据为空处理 if resp == ngx.null then resp = 'this is not redis_data' --比如默认值 end ngx.say("msg : ", resp) close_redis(redis_instance)
我们通过curl 在shell脚本中测试以上配置文件
重启Nginx服务器:
root@iZ236j3sofdZ:/usr/local/nginx/conf# service nginx restart * Stopping Nginx Server... * Starting Nginx Server... nginx: [alert] lua_code_cache is off; this will hurt performance in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:69
警告:这个alert是因为objstore.conf中把lua_code_cache为off;若设置为off,nginx不缓存lua脚本,每次改变lua代码,不必reload nginx即可生效;这便于开发和测试。但禁用缓存对性能有影响,故正式环境下一定记得设置为on;
location /lua
root@iZ236j3sofdZ:/usr/local/nginx/lua# curl "http://localhost/lua" Hello Lua
location /lua_test
root@iZ236j3sofdZ:/usr/local/nginx/lua# curl "http://localhost/lua_test" Hello Lua! Tinywan
location /content_by_lua_block
root@iZ236j3sofdZ:/usr/local/nginx/lua# curl "http://localhost/content_by_lua_block" Hello : content_by_lua_block
location /lua_redis_basic
root@iZ236j3sofdZ:/usr/local/nginx/lua# curl "http://localhost/lua_redis_basic" msg : hello worTinywan
七、一些常见误区
1、redis2-nginx-module和lua-resty-redis
redis2-nginx-module是一个openresty(1.9.15.1)自带的模块。它能够把请求转发给upstream(redis2_pass)。注意它和lua-resty-redis不同,lua-resty-redis是一个lua语言版的redis API,使用socket(lua sock)和redis通信。而redis2-nginx-module是把请求转发给别的upstream。
2、以下错误解决办法
checking for LuaJIT library in /usr/bin/luajit/lib and (specified by the LUAJIT_LIB and LUAJIT_INC env, with -ldl) ... not found checking for LuaJIT library in /usr/bin/luajit/lib and (specified by the LUAJIT_LIB and LUAJIT_INC env) ... not found ./configure: error: ngx_http_lua_module requires the Lua or LuaJIT library and LUAJIT_LIB is defined as /usr/bin/luajit/lib and LUAJIT_INC (path for lua.h) , but we cannot find LuaJIT there.
下载安装:LuaJIT-2.0.4
更多版本下载地址:http://luajit.org/download.html
wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz tar -zxvf LuaJIT-2.0.4.tar.gz make && sudo make install
告诉nginx的构建系统在哪里可以找到LuaJIT 2.0:
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/include/luajit-2.0
http://blog.csdn.net/qq_25551295/article/details/51744815
来源:http://www.cnblogs.com/tinywan/p/6534151.html