Pythonic Way to Create Union of All Values Contained in Multiple Lists

问题

I have a list of lists:

lists = [[1,4,3,2,4], [4,5]]

I want to flatten this list and remove all duplicates; or, in other words, apply a set union operation:

desired_result = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

What\'s the easiest way to do this? (I\'m forced to use Python 2.4 for this project)

回答1:

set.union does what you want:

>>> results_list = [[1,2,3], [1,2,4]]
>>> results_union = set().union(*results_list)
>>> print(results_union)
set([1, 2, 3, 4])

You can also do this with more than two lists.

回答2:

Since you seem to be using Python 2.5 (it would be nice to mention in your Q if you need an A for versions != 2.6, the current production one, by the way;-) and want a list rather than a set as the result, I recommend:

   import itertools

   ...

   return list(set(itertools.chain(*result_list)))

itertools is generally a great way to work with iterators (and so with many kinds of sequences or collections) and I heartily recommend you become familiar with it. itertools.chain, in particular, is documented here.

回答3:

I used the following to do intersections, which avoids the need for sets.

a, b= [[1,2,3], [1,2]]
s = filter( lambda x: x in b, a)

or,

s = [ x for x in b if x in a ]

回答4:

You can also follow this style

In [12]: a = ['Orange and Banana', 'Orange Banana']
In [13]: b = ['Grapes', 'Orange Banana']
In [14]: c = ['Foobanana', 'Orange and Banana']

In [20]: list(set(a) | set(b) | set(c))
Out[20]: ['Orange and Banana', 'Foobanana', 'Orange Banana', 'Grapes']

In [21]: list(set(a) & set(b) | set(c))
Out[21]: ['Orange and Banana', 'Foobanana', 'Orange Banana']    

回答5:

Unions are not supported by lists, which are ordered, but are supported by sets. Check out set.union.

回答6:

desired_result = [x for y in lists for x in y]

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2151517/pythonic-way-to-create-union-of-all-values-contained-in-multiple-lists