问题
I've been wondering about this for a while and I can't see why Google haven't tried it yet - or maybe they have and I just don't know about it.
Is there a search engine that you can type a question into which will give you a single answer rather than a list of results which you then have to trawl through yourself to find what you want to know?
For example, this is how I would design the system:
User’s input: “Where do you go to get your eyes tested?”
System output: “Opticians. Certainty: 95%”
This would be calculated as follows:
- The input is parsed from natural language into a simple search string, probably something like “eye testing” in this case. The term “Where do you go” would also be interpreted by the system and used when comparing results.
- The search string would be fed into a search engine.
- The system would then compare the contents of the results to find matching words or phrases taking note of what the question is asking (i.e. what, where, who, how etc.)
- Once a suitable answer is determined, the system displays it to the user along with a measure of how sure it is that the answer is correct.
Due to the dispersed nature of the Internet, a correct answer is likely to appear multiple times, especially for simple questions. For this particular example, it wouldn’t be too hard for the system to recognise that this word keeps cropping up in the results and that it is almost certainly the answer being searched for.
For more complicated questions, a lower certainty would be shown, and possibly multiple results with different levels of certainty. The user would also be offered the chance to see the sources which the system calculated the results from.
The point of this system is that it simplifies searching. Many times when we use a search engine, we’re just looking for something really simple or trivial. Returning a long list of results doesn’t seem like the most efficient way of answering the question, even though the answer is almost certainly hidden away in those results.
Just take a look at the Google results for the above question to see my point: http://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ie=UTF-8&ion=1&nord=1#sclient=psy&hl=en&safe=off&nord=1&site=webhp&source=hp&q=Where%20do%20you%20go%20to%20get%20your%20eyes%20tested%3F&aq=&aqi=&aql=&oq=&pbx=1&fp=72566eb257565894&fp=72566eb257565894&ion=1
The results given don't immediately answer the question - they need to be searched through by the user before the answer they really want is found. Search engines are great directories. They're really good for giving you more information about a subject, or telling you where to find a service, but they're not so good at answering direct questions.
There are many aspects that would have to be considered when creating the system – for example a website’s accuracy would have to be taken into account when calculating results.
Although the system should work well for simple questions, it may be quite a task to make it work for more complicated ones. For example, common misconceptions would need to be handled as a special case. If the system finds evidence that the user’s question has a common misconception as an answer, it should either point this out when providing the answer, or even simply disregard the most common answer in favour of the one provided by the website that points out that it is a common misconception. This would all have to be weighed up by comparing the accuracy and quality of conflicting sources.
It's an interesting question and would involve a lot of research, but surely it would be worth the time and effort? It wouldn't always be right, but it would make simple queries a lot quicker for the user.
回答1:
Such a system is called an automatic Question Answering (QA) system, or a Natural Language search engine. It is not to be confused with a social Question Answering service, where answers are produced by humans. QA is a well studied area, as evidenced by almost a decade of TREC QA track publications, but it is one of the more difficult tasks in the field of natural language processing (NLP) because it requires a wide range of intelligence (parsing, search, information extraction, coreference, inference). This may explain why there are relatively few freely available online systems today, most of which are more like demos. Several include:
- AnswerBus
- START - MIT
- QuALiM - Microsoft
- TextMap - ISI
- askEd!
- Wolfram Alpha
Major search engines have shown interest in question answering technology. In an interview on Jun 1, 2011, Eric Scmidt said, Google’s new strategy for search is to provide answers, not just links. "'We can literally compute the right answer,' said Schmidt, referencing advances in artificial intelligence technology" (source).
Matthew Goltzbach, head of products for Google Enterprise has stated that "Question answering is the future of enterprise search." Yahoo has also forecasted that the future of search involves users getting real-time answers instead of links. These big players are incrementally introducing QA technology as a supplement to other kinds of search results, as seen in Google's "short answers".
While IBM's Jeopardy-playing Watson has done much to popularize machines answering question (or answers), many real-world challenges remain in the general form of question answering.
See also the related question on open source QA frameworks.
Update:
- 2013/03/14: Google and Bing search execs discuss how search is evolving to conversational question answering (AllThingsD)
回答2:
Wolfram Alpha
http://www.wolframalpha.com/
Wolfram Alpha (styled Wolfram|Alpha) is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research. It is an online service that answers factual queries directly by computing the answer from structured data, rather than providing a list of documents or web pages that might contain the answer as a search engine would.[4] It was announced in March 2009 by Stephen Wolfram, and was released to the public on May 15, 2009.[1] It was voted the greatest computer innovation of 2009 by Popular Science.[5][6]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram_Alpha
回答3:
Have you tried wolframalpha?
Have a look at this: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=who+is+the+president+of+brasil%3F
回答4:
Ask Jeeves, now Ask.com, used to do this. Why nobody does this anymore, except Wolfram:
- Question Answering (QA) is far from a solved problem.
- There exist strong question answering systems, but they require full parsing of both the question and the data and therefore require tremendous amounts of computing power and storage, even compared to Google scale, to get any coverage.
- Most web data is too noisy to handle; you first have to detect if it's in a language you support (or translate it, as some researchers have done; search for "cross-lingual question answering"), then try to detect noise, then parse. You lose more coverage.
- The internet changes at lightning pace. You lose even more coverage.
- Users have gotten accustomed to keyword search, so that's much more economical.
回答5:
Powerset, acquired by Microsoft, is also trying to do question answering. They call their product a "natural language search engine" where you can type in a question such as "Which US State has the highest income tax?" and search on the question instead of using keywords.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5941580/is-there-a-search-engine-that-will-give-a-direct-answer