Android Surface-GraphicBuffer-BufferQueue

放肆的年华 提交于 2019-11-28 22:25:30

 

Android的UI控件最终在Surface上进行绘制;Surface要进行绘制,需要申请显存,绘制,提交显存进行显示。

申请显存

Android的显存由两个部分表示,对APP的接口体现为Surface(native/libs/gui/Surface.cpp),对graphics部分(CPU/GPU/OPENGL)体现为GraphicBuffer。

Surface说明

Surface本身有两个含义,一个是代表UI系统的Canvas,另一个是代表本地window系统,为跨平台的OPENGL(EGL)提供接口。

UI一般基于Canvas绘制,参考UI的始祖View的draw函数:

public void draw(Canvas canvas)

所有UI控件继承自View,都会基于Canvs来绘制自己;UI组件的draw是谁触发的,canvas是怎么创建的?这些秘密在ViewRootImpl里面,每个Activity在setContentView之后,系统会为其创建一个ViewRootImpl对象,该对象代替Activity管理其view系统,并和window系统建立关联(Activity的window就是在该类中创建的),并且ViewRootImpl会建立和SurfaceFlinger的连接,监听SurfaceFlinger的VSYNC信号,一旦VSYNC信号发生,ViewRootImpl就会进入到framecallback中进行绘制。其中ViewRootImpl拥有window对应的Surface对象:

private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
            boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty, Rect surfaceInsets) {

        // Draw with software renderer.
        final Canvas canvas;try {
          ......
            canvas = mSurface.lockCanvas(dirty);
           ......
            if (!canvas.isOpaque() || yoff != 0 || xoff != 0) {
                canvas.drawColor(0, PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR);
            }
            try {
                canvas.translate(-xoff, -yoff);
          .......
                mView.draw(canvas);
            } finally {
              ......
            }
        } finally {
            try {
                surface.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) 
            ......
    }    

对于Canvas的使用流程:

Surface.lockCanvas->View.draw(Canvas)-> Surface.unlockCanvasAndPost(Canvas)

在Surface.lockCanvas中会调用native的对象android_view_Surface.cpp->Surface.dequeueBuffer->BufferQueueProducer.dequeueBuffer得到struct ANativeWindowBuffer 的对象,其实就是一个GraphicBuffer对象,与此同时还返回了FenceID。    

    ANativeWindow_Buffer outBuffer;
    status_t err = surface->lock(&outBuffer, dirtyRectPtr);
    if (err < 0) {
        const char* const exception = (err == NO_MEMORY) ?
                OutOfResourcesException :
                "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException";
        jniThrowException(env, exception, NULL);
        return 0;
    }

    SkImageInfo info = SkImageInfo::Make(outBuffer.width, outBuffer.height,
                                         convertPixelFormat(outBuffer.format),
                                         outBuffer.format == PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888
                                                 ? kOpaque_SkAlphaType : kPremul_SkAlphaType,
                                         GraphicsJNI::defaultColorSpace());

    SkBitmap bitmap;
    ssize_t bpr = outBuffer.stride * bytesPerPixel(outBuffer.format);
    bitmap.setInfo(info, bpr);
    if (outBuffer.width > 0 && outBuffer.height > 0) {
        bitmap.setPixels(outBuffer.bits);
    } else {
        // be safe with an empty bitmap.
        bitmap.setPixels(NULL);
    }

    Canvas* nativeCanvas = GraphicsJNI::getNativeCanvas(env, canvasObj);
    nativeCanvas->setBitmap(bitmap);

由上面的lockCanvas代码片段来看,根据ANativeWindowBuffer构建了一个SKBitmap对象,将该对象设置给nativeCanvas(SkiaCanvas),然后就返回到Java空间了。

上面提到了Canvas,我们看一下Canvas的处理流程。

 

 大部分基于Canvas的操作最后会落到SKCanvas上面去,这个在Skia 2D库里面。如果想搞清楚流程,可以拿TextView或者Android任意一个UI控件,看一下他的draw是怎么利用canvas API来实现的。也可以看一下skia库实现。

提交显存

在UI绘制完成后,需要将绘制的内容提交显示,这里用到了Surface::unlockAndPost:

status_t Surface::unlockAndPost()
{
    if (mLockedBuffer == 0) {
        ALOGE("Surface::unlockAndPost failed, no locked buffer");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    int fd = -1;
    status_t err = mLockedBuffer->unlockAsync(&fd);
    ALOGE_IF(err, "failed unlocking buffer (%p)", mLockedBuffer->handle);

    err = queueBuffer(mLockedBuffer.get(), fd);
    ALOGE_IF(err, "queueBuffer (handle=%p) failed (%s)",
            mLockedBuffer->handle, strerror(-err));

    mPostedBuffer = mLockedBuffer;
    mLockedBuffer = 0;
    return err;
}

其中主要就是将GraphicBuffer 提交到BufferQueue上等待SurfaceFlinger(comsumer)显示出来。

 GraphicBufferProducer诞生流程

BufferQueue的基本结构如下:

 GraphicBuffer就与基于BufferQueueProducer产生的,在Surface.cpp里面有一个sp<IGraphicsBufferProducer> mGraphicBufferProducer;所有对GraphicBuffer的queue/dequeue/cancel等都是通过mBufferProducer产生的,我们看一下这个对象是怎么产生,谁在server端为其服务,client和server的连接是怎么建立的。

从前面Surface的说明里面我们提到一点,就是ViewRootImpl;ViewRootImpl里面的Surface为所有View的绘制提供canvas,我们看一下这个Surface是怎么创建的就能搞清楚Surface.mGraphicBufferProducer是怎么实例化的。ViewRootImpl是Activity View管理者,也是Activity对应window的创建者,在其中有几个步骤:

create window,就是创建Activity对应的window对象,是和WMS建立通讯创建窗口

  try {
                    mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
                    mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
                    collectViewAttributes();
                    res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
                            getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(), mWinFrame,
                            mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets,
                            mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mAttachInfo.mDisplayCutout, mInputChannel);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    mAdded = false;

relayout window,测量窗口大小位置等:

   int relayoutResult = mWindowSession.relayout(mWindow, mSeq, params,
                (int) (mView.getMeasuredWidth() * appScale + 0.5f),
                (int) (mView.getMeasuredHeight() * appScale + 0.5f), viewVisibility,
                insetsPending ? WindowManagerGlobal.RELAYOUT_INSETS_PENDING : 0, frameNumber,
                mWinFrame, mPendingOverscanInsets, mPendingContentInsets, mPendingVisibleInsets,
                mPendingStableInsets, mPendingOutsets, mPendingBackDropFrame, mPendingDisplayCutout,
                mPendingMergedConfiguration, mSurface);

在WMS里面上面两个接口分别调用addWindow以及relayoutWindow;其中relayoutWindow中创建了实际的surface,也就是说实在WMS中显示窗口的时候去创建了实际的surface,其创建过程如下:

最后是调用surface.copyFrom(SurfaceControl)得到真实的surface;SurfaceControl是在WMS里面创建的,SurfaceControl创建的时候就会向SurfaceComposerClient申请创建surface:

static jlong nativeCreate(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jobject sessionObj,
        jstring nameStr, jint w, jint h, jint format, jint flags, jlong parentObject,
        jint windowType, jint ownerUid) {
    ScopedUtfChars name(env, nameStr);
    sp<SurfaceComposerClient> client(android_view_SurfaceSession_getClient(env, sessionObj));
    SurfaceControl *parent = reinterpret_cast<SurfaceControl*>(parentObject);
    sp<SurfaceControl> surface;
    status_t err = client->createSurfaceChecked(
            String8(name.c_str()), w, h, format, &surface, flags, parent, windowType, ownerUid);
    if (err == NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
        jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException", NULL);
        return 0;
    } else if (err != NO_ERROR) {
        jniThrowException(env, OutOfResourcesException, NULL);
        return 0;
    }

    surface->incStrong((void *)nativeCreate);
    return reinterpret_cast<jlong>(surface.get());
}

 

在createSurfaceChecked里面想surfaceFlinger申请创建Surface,并基于创建的Surface创建新的SurfaceControl。然后一步步返回,ViewRootImpl里面的Surface就具备真正的显存了。但是我们前面是要知道GraphicBufferProducer是谁创建的,这个秘密就在ComposerSurfaceClient.createSurfaceChecked函数里面。ComposerSurfaceClient有一个成员变量mClient,这是SurfaceFlinger.Client的客户端,通过这个mClient和SurfaceFlinger建立通讯。

status_t SurfaceComposerClient::createSurfaceChecked(...)
{
    sp<SurfaceControl> sur;
    status_t err = mStatus;

    if (mStatus == NO_ERROR) {
        sp<IBinder> handle;
        sp<IBinder> parentHandle;
        sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp;

        if (parent != nullptr) {
            parentHandle = parent->getHandle();
        }
        err = mClient->createSurface(name, w, h, format, flags, parentHandle,
                windowType, ownerUid, &handle, &gbp);
        ALOGE_IF(err, "SurfaceComposerClient::createSurface error %s", strerror(-err));
        if (err == NO_ERROR) {
            *outSurface = new SurfaceControl(this, handle, gbp, true /* owned */);
        }
    }
    return err;
}

在这里可以看到调用了mClient的createSurface,然后返回了gbp(也就是IGraphicBufferProducer);mClient是SurfaceFlinger.Client的客户端,由此可见GraphicBufferProducer实际是有SurfaceFlinger进程创建的。mClient和SurfaceFlinger的对象关系如下图所示:

 

 那么进入SurfaceFlinger看一下到底是怎么创建GraphicBufferProducer的;Client.createSurface->SurfaceFlinger.createLayer-> new BufferLayer,实际是在BufferLayer::onFirstRef里面创建的:

void BufferLayer::onFirstRef() {
    // Creates a custom BufferQueue for SurfaceFlingerConsumer to use
    sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> producer;
    sp<IGraphicBufferConsumer> consumer;
    BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer, true);
    mProducer = new MonitoredProducer(producer, mFlinger, this);
    mConsumer = new BufferLayerConsumer(consumer,
            mFlinger->getRenderEngine(), mTextureName, this);
    mConsumer->setConsumerUsageBits(getEffectiveUsage(0));
    mConsumer->setContentsChangedListener(this);
    mConsumer->setName(mName);

    if (mFlinger->isLayerTripleBufferingDisabled()) {
        mProducer->setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(2);
    }

    const sp<const DisplayDevice> hw(mFlinger->getDefaultDisplayDevice());
    updateTransformHint(hw);
}

 

由上面的创建过程也可以看出来,Surface提交的GraphicBuffer由BufferLayerConsumer来消耗。

 

 

 

 

 

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