0 爬前工作
决定毕业后前往深圳工作,想要了解深圳的租房市场。通过结合网上对链家网爬取经验,开始自己的爬取工作
分析URL
- https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/
其中,sz是城市,如想获得其它城市可以更换;zufang表示租房 - https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/luohuqu/
限定罗湖区后,URL增加luohuqu,想要那个区加上那个区的拼音 - https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/luohuqu/rt200600000001/
限定整租后,URL增加rt200600000001,类型:整租:rt200600000001 合租:rt200600000002 - https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/luohuqu/pg2rt200600000002/#contentList
打开第二页后,URL增加pg2
后继还有租金、户型、朝向等不做限定
宽表设计
浏览网页后根据自己分析需要设计了如下宽表:
district1 区 | district2 区域 | address 详细地址 | rentType 出租类型 | size 大小 | toward 朝向 | zone 格局 | price 价格 | tag 标签 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
需要用到的包
import requests # 爬取网站
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # 解析超文本
import re # 正则
import pymysql # 连接MySQL
import time # 时间限制
1 解析网页
1.0 查看单个网页是否爬取成功
District = "luohuqu"
page = 2
RentType = "rt200600000002"
URL = "https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/{}/pg{}{}/#contentList".format(District, page, RentType)
res = requests.get(URL, headers = headers)
print("URL = " + res.url)
print(res.text)
打印出来的网址能正常打开,超文本的输出也跟网站上查看的一样,可以看出链家网的爬取有URL和请求头就可以爬取到,极大方便了爬虫
接着进入下一步
1.1 解析URL
- 输入:URL(连接)、headers(请求头)
- 输出:soup(解析超文本后的格式)
$request.get()$
爬取网站$BeautifulSoup$
解析超文本
def parseURL(URL, headers):
time.sleep(10) ## 时间限流,避免被反爬虫
try: ## 避免访问太快失败整个程序退出
res = requests.get(URL, headers = headers)
if (res.status_code==200):
html = res.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
return soup
else:
print("访问{}失败".format(URL))
return None
except:
time.sleep(20)
print("访问{}失败".format(URL))
return None
lxml解析器有解析HTML和XML的功能,而且速度快,容错能力强
1.2 获取限制区和出租类型后的总套数
可以看到总套数在以上attrs中
注意class是python固定语言,在后面加个"_"
totalFind = int(soup.find('span', class_="content__title--hl").get_text()) # 获取文本后是str类型,需转换成int才能比较大小
$get_text()$
可以获取文本,返回str类型
1.3 获取总页数
因为总页数不在文本里,所以采用先获取该结点,再用正则匹配
- 输入:soup(解析超文本后的格式)
- 输出:totalPage(总页数)
def TotalPage(soup):
pg_content = soup.find_all('div', class_="content__pg")[0] ## 获取结点
totalPage = re.search('data-totalpage="(\d+)".*', str(pg_content)).group(1) ## 总页数不在文本里,所以需要正则来查找
return totalPage
1.4 获取非首页的网址
增加:page
- 输入:District(区)、page(第几页)、RentType(出租类型)
- 输出:URL
def getURL(District, page, RentType):
URL = "https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/{}/pg{}{}/#contentList".format(District, page, RentType)
return URL
1.5 获取信息
同一页面的每一套租房信息都在这种结点中,先找到所有这种结点
再根据宽表的设计找出需要信息的位置,进行提取
- 输入:house(每套的结点)
- 输出:data(信息数据)
def getMessage(house):
title = house.find('p', class_="content__list--item--title twoline").get_text(strip=True) ##strip=True:去除获得文本内容的前后空白
rentType = re.split(r'[·]', title)[0] ## 出租类型
message = house.find('p', class_="content__list--item--des").get_text(strip=True)
message = re.split(r'[-/]', message)
if (len(message)==7):
district1 = message[0] ## 区
district2 = message[1] ## 进一步地址
address = message[2] ## 小区
size = message[3].replace("㎡", "") ## 大小,并把单位换掉
toward = message[4] ## 朝向
zone = message[5] ## 格局
tag = house.find('p', class_="content__list--item--bottom oneline").get_text(strip=True) ## 标签
price = house.find('span', class_="content__list--item-price").get_text(strip=True).replace("元/月", "") ## 价格
data = {'district1': district1
,'district2': district2
,'address': address
,'rentType': rentType
,'size':size
,'toward': toward
,'zone': zone
,'price': price
,'tag': tag
}
return data
else:
return None
2 导入数据库
2.1 创建数据库
- 输入:dbName(数据库名字)
- 输入:None
def createDB(dbName):
db = pymysql.connect(host=localhost ,user='root', password='***', port=3306) # localhost填写你的主机名/IP;password填写你MySQL的密码
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = "CREATE DATABASE {} DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8".format(dbName)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.close()
2.2 创建表
- 输入:dbName(数据库名称)、tableName(表名称)
- 输出:None
def createTable(dbName, tableName):
db = pymysql.connect(host=localhost, user='root', password='***', port=3306, db=dbName)
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = '''create table if not exists {}
(
district1 VARCHAR(255)
,district2 VARCHAR(255)
,address VARCHAR(255)
,renttype VARCHAR(255)
,size VARCHAR(255)
,toward VARCHAR(255)
,zone VARCHAR(255)
,price VARCHAR(255)
,tag VARCHAR(255)
);'''.format(tableName)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.close()
插入数据
- 输入:dbName(数据库名称)、tableName(表名称)、data(信息数据)
- 输出:None
def InsertToSql(dbName, tableName, data):
keys = ', '.join(data.keys())
values = ', '.join(['%s'] * len(data))
db = pymysql.connect(host=localhost, user='root', password='***', port=3306, db=dbName)
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = 'INSERT INTO {table}({keys}) VALUES ({values})'.format(table=tableName, keys=keys, values=values)
try:
if cursor.execute(sql, tuple(data.values())):
print('Successful')
db.commit()
except:
print('Failed')
db.rollback()
db.close()
3 尝试爬取
dbName = 'test1' ## 数据库名称
tableName = 'test1' ## 创建表名称
createDB(dbName) ## 创建数据库
createTable(dbName, tableName) ## 创建表
District = Districts[6] ## 区
RentType = RentTypes[1] ## 出租类型
URL = "https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/{}/{}/".format(District, RentType)
soup = parseURL(URL, headers)
if (soup != None):
totalFind = int(soup.find('span', class_="content__title--hl").get_text()) ## 找到总套数
if (totalFind !=0):
totalPage = int(TotalPage(soup))
print("{} {} 共找到 {} 套".format(District, RentType, totalFind))
houseElements = soup.find_all('div', class_="content__list--item")
i = 1
for house in houseElements:
data = getMessage(house)
if (data !=None):
InsertToSql(dbName, tableName, data)
print("写入第{}套".format(i))
i += 1
if (totalPage > 1):
for page in range(2, totalPage+2):
URL = getURL(District=District, page=page, RentType=RentType)
soup = parseURL(URL, headers)
if (soup != None):
houseElements = soup.find_all('div', class_="content__list--item")
for house in houseElements:
data = getMessage(house)
InsertToSql(dbName, tableName, data)
print("写入第{}套".format(i))
i += 1
4 总代码
# 需要导入的包
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import pymysql
import time
# 需要限制的东西
Districts = ['luohuqu', 'futianqu', 'nanshanqu', 'yantianqu', 'baoanqu', 'longgangqu', 'longhuaqu', 'guangmingqu', 'pingshanqu', 'dapengxinqu'] # 深圳的各个区的拼音
RentTypes = ['rt200600000001', 'rt200600000002'] # 出租类型
headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.100 Safari/537.36"
,"Connection":"close"}
# 得到非首页的网址
def getURL(District, page, RentType):
URL = "https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/{}/pg{}{}/#contentList".format(District, page, RentType)
return URL
# 解析URL
def parseURL(URL, headers):
time.sleep(10)
try:
res = requests.get(URL, headers = headers)
if (res.status_code==200):
html = res.text
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
return soup
else:
print("访问{}失败".format(URL))
return None
except:
time.sleep(20)
print("访问{}失败".format(URL))
return None
# 总页数
def TotalPage(soup):
pg_content = soup.find_all('div', class_="content__pg")[0]
totalPage = re.search('data-totalpage="(\d+)".*', str(pg_content)).group(1)
return totalPage
# 得到具体信息
def getMessage(house):
title = house.find('p', class_="content__list--item--title twoline").get_text(strip=True) ##strip=True:去除获得文本内容的前后空白
rentType = re.split(r'[·]', title)[0] ## 出租类型
message = house.find('p', class_="content__list--item--des").get_text(strip=True)
message = re.split(r'[-/]', message)
if (len(message)==7):
district1 = message[0] ## 区
district2 = message[1] ## 进一步地址
address = message[2] ## 小区
size = message[3].replace("㎡", "") ## 大小
toward = message[4] ## 朝向
zone = message[5] ## 格局
tag = house.find('p', class_="content__list--item--bottom oneline").get_text(strip=True) ## 标签
price = house.find('span', class_="content__list--item-price").get_text(strip=True).replace("元/月", "") ## 价格
data = {'district1': district1
,'district2': district2
,'address': address
,'rentType': rentType
,'size':size
,'toward': toward
,'zone': zone
,'price': price
,'tag': tag
}
return data
else:
return None
# 创建数据库
def createDB(dbName):
db = pymysql.connect(db = pymysql.connect(host=localhost, user='root', password='***', port=3306, db=dbName))
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = "CREATE DATABASE {} DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8".format(dbName)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.close()
# 创建表
def createTable(dbName, tableName):
db = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password='123456', port=3306, db=dbName)
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = '''create table if not exists {}
(
district1 VARCHAR(255)
,district2 VARCHAR(255)
,address VARCHAR(255)
,renttype VARCHAR(255)
,size VARCHAR(255)
,toward VARCHAR(255)
,zone VARCHAR(255)
,price VARCHAR(255)
,tag VARCHAR(255)
);'''.format(tableName)
cursor.execute(sql)
db.close()
# 数据导入
def InsertToSql(dbName, tableName, data):
keys = ', '.join(data.keys())
values = ', '.join(['%s'] * len(data))
db = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', password='123456', port=3306, db=dbName)
cursor = db.cursor()
sql = 'INSERT INTO {table}({keys}) VALUES ({values})'.format(table=tableName, keys=keys, values=values)
try:
if cursor.execute(sql, tuple(data.values())):
db.commit()
except:
print('Failed')
db.rollback()
db.close()
# 主函数
dbName = 'lianjiawang' ## 数据库名称
tableName = 'zufang_sz1' ## 创建表名称
## createDB(dbName) ## 创建数据库
createTable(dbName, tableName) ## 创建表
# District = Districts[6] ## 区
# RentType = RentTypes[1] ## 出租类型
for District in Districts:
for RentType in RentTypes:
URL = "https://sz.lianjia.com/zufang/{}/{}/".format(District, RentType)
soup = parseURL(URL, headers)
if (soup != None):
totalFind = int(soup.find('span', class_="content__title--hl").get_text()) ## 找到总套数
if (totalFind !=0):
totalPage = int(TotalPage(soup))
# print("{} {} 共找到 {} 套".format(District, RentType, totalFind))
houseElements = soup.find_all('div', class_="content__list--item")
i = 1
for house in houseElements:
data = getMessage(house)
if (data !=None):
InsertToSql(dbName, tableName, data)
# print("写入第{}套".format(i))
i += 1
if (totalPage > 1):
for page in range(2, totalPage+2):
URL = getURL(District=District, page=page, RentType=RentType)
soup = parseURL(URL, headers)
if (soup != None):
houseElements = soup.find_all('div', class_="content__list--item")
for house in houseElements:
data = getMessage(house)
if(data != None):
InsertToSql(dbName, tableName, data)
#print("写入第{}套".format(i))
#i += 1
print("深圳{} 租房类型:{}爬取成功".format(District, RentType))
来源:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42221092/article/details/100040195