Is it possible to allow didSet to be called during initialization in Swift?

问题

Question

Apple\'s docs specify that:

willSet and didSet observers are not called when a property is first initialized. They are only called when the property’s value is set outside of an initialization context.

Is it possible to force these to be called during initialization?

Why?

Let\'s say I have this class

class SomeClass {
    var someProperty: AnyObject {
        didSet {
            doStuff()
        }
    }

    init(someProperty: AnyObject) {
        self.someProperty = someProperty
        doStuff()
    }

    func doStuff() {
        // do stuff now that someProperty is set
    }
}

I created the method doStuff, to make the processing calls more concise, but I\'d rather just process the property within the didSet function. Is there a way to force this to call during initialization?

Update

I decided to just remove the convenience intializer for my class and force you to set the property after initialization. This allows me to know didSet will always be called. I haven\'t decided if this is better overall, but it suits my situation well.

回答1:

Create an own set-Method and use it within your init-Method:

class SomeClass {
    var someProperty: AnyObject! {
        didSet {
            //do some Stuff
        }
    }

    init(someProperty: AnyObject) {
        setSomeProperty(someProperty)
    }

    func setSomeProperty(newValue:AnyObject) {
        self.someProperty = newValue
    }
}

By declaring someProperty as type: AnyObject! (an implicitly unwrapped optional), you allow self to fully initialize without someProperty being set. When you call setSomeProperty(someProperty) you're calling an equivalent of self.setSomeProperty(someProperty). Normally you wouldn't be able to do this because self hasn't been fully initialized. Since someProperty doesn't require initialization and you are calling a method dependent on self, Swift leaves the initialization context and didSet will run.

回答2:

If you use defer inside of an initializer, for updating any optional properties or further updating non-optional properties that you've already initialized and after you've called any super.init() methods, then your willSet, didSet, etc. will be called. I find this to be more convenient than implementing separate methods that you have to keep track of calling in the right places.

For example:

public class MyNewType: NSObject {

    public var myRequiredField:Int

    public var myOptionalField:Float? {
        willSet {
            if let newValue = newValue {
                print("I'm going to change to \(newValue)")
            }
        }
        didSet {
            if let myOptionalField = self.myOptionalField {
                print("Now I'm \(myOptionalField)")
            }
        }
    }

    override public init() {
        self.myRequiredField = 1

        super.init()

        // Non-defered
        self.myOptionalField = 6.28

        // Defered
        defer {
            self.myOptionalField = 3.14
        }
    }
}

Will yield:

I'm going to change to 3.14
Now I'm 3.14

回答3:

As a variation of Oliver's answer, you could wrap the lines in a closure. Eg:

class Classy {

    var foo: Int! { didSet { doStuff() } }

    init( foo: Int ) {
        // closure invokes didSet
        ({ self.foo = foo })()
    }

}

Edit: Brian Westphal's answer is nicer imho. The nice thing about his is that it hints at the intent.

回答4:

I had the same problem and this works for me

class SomeClass {
    var someProperty: AnyObject {
        didSet {
            doStuff()
        }
    }

    init(someProperty: AnyObject) {
        defer { self.someProperty = someProperty }
    }

    func doStuff() {
        // do stuff now that someProperty is set
    }
}

回答5:

This works if you do this in a subclass

class Base {

  var someProperty: AnyObject {
    didSet {
      doStuff()
    }
  }

  required init() {
    someProperty = "hello"
  }

  func doStuff() {
    print(someProperty)
  }
}

class SomeClass: Base {

  required init() {
    super.init()

    someProperty = "hello"
  }
}

let a = Base()
let b = SomeClass()

In a example, didSet is not triggered. But in b example, didSet is triggered, because it is in the subclass. It has to do something with what initialization context really means, in this case the superclass did care about that

回答6:

While this isn't a solution, an alternative way of going about it would be using a class constructor:

class SomeClass {
    var someProperty: AnyObject {
        didSet {
            // do stuff
        }
    }

    class func createInstance(someProperty: AnyObject) -> SomeClass {
        let instance = SomeClass() 
        instance.someProperty = someProperty
        return instance
    }  
}

回答7:

In the particular case where you want to invoke willSet or didSet inside init for a property available in your superclass, you can simply assign your super property directly:

override init(frame: CGRect) {
    super.init(frame: frame)
    // this will call `willSet` and `didSet`
    someProperty = super.someProperty
}

Note that Charlesism solution with a closure would always work too in that case. So my solution is just an alternative.

回答8:

You can solve it in obj-с way:

class SomeClass {
    private var _someProperty: AnyObject!
    var someProperty: AnyObject{
        get{
            return _someProperty
        }
        set{
            _someProperty = newValue
            doStuff()
        }
    }
    init(someProperty: AnyObject) {
        self.someProperty = someProperty
        doStuff()
    }

    func doStuff() {
        // do stuff now that someProperty is set
    }
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25230780/is-it-possible-to-allow-didset-to-be-called-during-initialization-in-swift