Adding functions to javascript's Array class breaks for loops

问题

I was looking for a way to add max/min functions to JavaScript's Array class, which seemed to be a solved problem: JavaScript: min & max Array values?. However, when I tried using that, I started getting errors from my code. It turns out that this approach doesn't work with loops.

for(i in myArray) { console.log(i) } 

prints out


1

2 

3

max

min

Is there another approach I can use?

回答1:

The for...in loop is used for looping through properties of an object. If you want to get the values from your array, you can do this:

for (var i = 0; i < myArray.length; i++)
{
    console.log(myArray[i])
}

回答2:

The accepted solution solves your immediate problem, but extending core objects is generally a bad idea. What happens when you include a library later that uses for..in? Or when you forget months later and use the wrong approach in a different section of your code?

Another option is to wrap and extend. Create a new type that uses an instance of Array as its prototype:

function ArrayThing() {}

ArrayThing.prototype = new Array();

Now you've got an object that you can extend without affecting Array:

ArrayThing.prototype.max = function() {
    return Math.max.apply(null, [].slice.call(this, 0))
}

ArrayThing.prototype.min = function() {
    return Math.min.apply(null, [].slice.call(this, 0))
}

var list = new ArrayThing();

// standard array methods still work
list.push(5);
list.push(22);
list.push(0);
list.push(-14);
list.length // => 4

// as do your new custom methods
list.max() // => 22
list.min() // => -14

This won't work in every situation, but unless you're sure you really, really need an Array, this is a useful alternative.

回答3:

for in is a common Javascript trap. Instead of behaving like a foreach from other languages, it actualy enumerates all properties in a given object.

Since Javascript Arrays happen to have a property for each index using for in works sometimes, but as you have seen, it also enumerates any other properties you add. Another issue is that the for in is not guaranteed to go through the properties in any particular order, so your results can vary depending on which browser/runtime you use.

It is safer, then, to just use a boring for loop instead. There are many for loop idioms in Javascript, so I will list some:

Regular for loop:

for(i=0; i<arr.length; i++){

Regular loop, caching the length:

for(i=0, n=arr.length; i<n; i++){

Loops over arrays of objects/NodeLists:

for(i=0; obj=arr[i]; i++){ //this works as long as the array has no falsy values
    foo(obj)

回答4:

You need to apply a check using hasOwnProperty. However this needs to applied wherever you are looping.

i.e:

for(i in myArray)
{
  if(arr.hasOwnProperty(i))
  {
   console.log(i);
  }
}

回答5:

There's a more modern (IE9+) way to do this now:

var g = []; 

Object.defineProperty(g, "log", {
  enumerable: false,
  configurable: false,
  writable: false,
  value: function(){ console.log(this); }
});


g.push(5); 
g.push(9); 

var t;
for (t in g){
    console.log(g[t]);
}

prints 5 and 9 but does not list the "log" function

g.log() -> echos [5,9]

The key to this working is being able to flag a property as "enumerable: false" with marks the property as something that shouldn't be iterated over.

More on Object.defineProperty here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5020954/adding-functions-to-javascripts-array-class-breaks-for-loops

标签

javascript

arrays

for-in-loop