Edit XML file text based on path

问题

I have an XML file (e.g. jerry.xml) which contains some data as given below.

<data>
<country name="Peru">
    <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
    <language>english</language>
    <currency>1.21$/kg</currency> 
    <gdppc month="06">141100</gdppc>
    <gdpnp month="10">2.304e+0150</gdpnp>
    <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
    <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
    <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
    <language>english</language>
    <currency>4.1$/kg</currency> 
    <gdppc month="05">59900</gdppc>
    <gdpnp month="08">1.9e-015</gdpnp>
    <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>

I extracted the full paths of some selected texts from the xml above using the code below. The reasons are given in this post.

def extractNumbers(path, node):
    nums = []

    if 'month' in node.attrib:
        if node.attrib['month'] in ['05', '06']:
            return nums

    path += '/' + node.tag
    if 'name' in node.keys():
        path += '=' + node.attrib['name']

    elif 'year' in node.keys():
        path += ' ' + 'month' + '=' + node.attrib['month']
    try:
        num = float(node.text)
        nums.append( (path, num) )
    except (ValueError, TypeError):
        pass
    for e in list(node):
        nums.extend( extractNumbers(path, e) )
    return nums

tree = ET.parse('jerry.xml')
nums = extractNumbers('', tree.getroot())
print len(nums)
print nums

This gives me the location of the elements I need to change as shown in colomn 1 of the csv below (e.g. hrong.csv).

Path                                                      Text1       Text2       Text3       Text4       Text5 
'/data/country name=singapore/gdpnp month=08';            5.2e-015;   2e-05;      8e-06;      9e-04;      0.4e-05;   
'/data/country name=peru/gdppc month=06';                 0.04;       0.02;       0.15;       3.24;       0.98;

I would like to replace the text of the elements of the original XML file (jerry.xml) by those in column 2 of the hrong.csv above, based on the location of the elements in column 1.

I am a newbie to python and realize I might not be using the best approach. I would appreciate any help regards direction wrt this. I basically need to parse only some selected texts nodes of an xml file, modify the selected text nodes and save each file.

Thanks

回答1:

You should be able to use the XPath capabilities of the module to do this:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('jerry.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
for data in root.findall(".//country[@name='singapore']/gdpnp[@month='08']"):
    data.text = csv_value

tree.write("filename.xml")

So you need to rewrite the path in the csv to match the XPath rules defined for the module (see Supported XPath rules).

回答2:

FIrst of all, documentation of how to modify an XML. Now, here is my own example:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

s = """
<root>
    <parent attribute="value">
        <child_1 other_attr="other_value">child text</child_1>
        <child_2 yet_another_attr="another_value">more child text</child_2>
    </parent>
</root>
"""

root = ET.fromstring(s)

for parent in root.getchildren():
    parent.attrib['attribute'] = 'new value'
    for child in parent.getchildren():
        child.attrib['new_attrib'] = 'new attribute for {}'.format(child.tag)
        child.text += ', appended text!'

>>> ET.dump(root)
<root>
    <parent attribute="new value">
        <child_1 new_attrib="new attribute for child_1" other_attr="other_value">child text, appended text!</child_1>
        <child_2 new_attrib="new attribute for child_2" yet_another_attr="another_value">more child text, appended text!</child_2>
    </parent>
</root>

And you can do this with Xpath as well.

>>> root.find('parent/child_1[@other_attr]').attrib['other_attr'] = 'found it!'
>>> ET.dump(root)
<root>
    <parent attribute="new value">
        <child_1 new_attrib="new attribute for child_1" other_attr="found it!">child text, appended text!</child_1>
        <child_2 new_attrib="new attribute for child_2" yet_another_attr="another_value">more child text, appended text!</child_2>
    </parent>
</root>

回答3:

I've altered your extractNumbers function and other code to generate a relative xpath based on the read in file.

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

def extractNumbers(path, node):
    nums = []
    # You'll want to store a relative, rather than an absolute path.
    if not path: # This is the root node, store the // Predicate to look at all root's children.
        path = ".//"
    else: # This is not the root node
        if 'month' in node.attrib:
            if node.attrib['month'] in ['05', '06']:
                return nums

        path += node.tag
        if 'name' in node.keys():
            path += '[@name="{:s}"]/'.format(node.attrib['name'])
        elif 'year' in node.keys():
            path += '[@month="{:s}"]/'.format(node.attrib['month'])
        try:
            num = float(node.text)
            nums.append((path, num) )
        except (ValueError, TypeError):
            pass
    # Descend into the node's child nodes
    for e in list(node):
        nums.extend( extractNumbers(path, e) )
    return nums

tree = ET.parse('jerry.xml')
nums = extractNumbers('', tree.getroot())

At this point you have a nums list populated with tuples of "path, num". You'll want to write the path into your csv. In the following, I've assumed that you know the Text1, Text2, and Text3 values before hand, and so I've written 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' into each row.

import csv
# Write the CSV file with the data found from extractNumbers
with open('records.csv', 'w') as records:
    writer = csv.writer(records, delimiter=';')
    writer.writerow(['Path', 'Text1', 'Text2', 'Text3'])
    for entry in nums:
        # Ensure that you're writing a relative xpath
        rel_path = entry[0]
        # you will want to "Text1", 'foo' below, to be an appropriate value, as it will be written into the xml below
        writer.writerow([rel_path, 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'])

You will now have the following CSV file

Path;Text1;Text2;Text3
".//country[@name=""Peru""]/rank";foo;bar;baz
".//country[@name=""Peru""]/gdpnp";foo;bar;baz
".//country[@name=""Singapore""]/rank";foo;bar;baz
".//country[@name=""Singapore""]/gdpnp";foo;bar;baz

In the following code, you will read the csv file Read the CSV file, and use the PATH column to alter the appropriate values

import csv
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
with open('records.csv', 'r') as records:
    reader = csv.reader(records, delimiter=';')
    for row in reader:
        if reader.line_num == 1: continue # skip the row of headers
        for data in tree.findall(row[0]):
            data.text = row[1]
tree.write('jerry_new.xml')

You'll have the following results in jerry_new.xml

<data>
    <country name="Peru">
        <rank updated="yes">foo</rank>
        <language>english</language>
        <currency>1.21$/kg</currency>
        <gdppc month="06">141100</gdppc>
        <gdpnp month="10">foo</gdpnp>
        <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
        <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
    </country>
    <country name="Singapore">
        <rank updated="yes">foo</rank>
        <language>english</language>
        <currency>4.1$/kg</currency>
        <gdppc month="05">59900</gdppc>
        <gdpnp month="08">foo</gdpnp>
        <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />
    </country>
</data>

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29382104/edit-xml-file-text-based-on-path

标签

python

xml

elementtree

minidom