Choosing multicast network interface in Python

问题

I have a server with two separate Ethernet connections. When I bind a socket in python it defaults to one of the two networks. How do I pull a multicast stream from the second network in Python? I have tried calling bind using the server's IP address on the second network, but that hasn't worked.

回答1:

I recommend you don't use INADDR_ANY. In production multicast environments you want to be very specific with your multicast sockets and don't want to be doing things like sending igmp joins out all interfaces. This leads to hack-job workarounds when things aren't working like "route add -host 239.1.1.1 dev eth3" to get multicast joins going correctly depending on the system in question. Use this instead:

def joinMcast(mcast_addr,port,if_ip):
    """
    Returns a live multicast socket
    mcast_addr is a dotted string format of the multicast group
    port is an integer of the UDP port you want to receive
    if_ip is a dotted string format of the interface you will use
    """

    #create a UDP socket
    mcastsock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)

    #allow other sockets to bind this port too
    mcastsock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1)

    #explicitly join the multicast group on the interface specified
    mcastsock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_IP,socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
                socket.inet_aton(mcast_addr)+socket.inet_aton(if_ip))

    #finally bind the socket to start getting data into your socket
    mcastsock.bind((mcast_addr,port))

    return mcastsock

In the mcastsock.bind you can also use '' instead of the address string, but I advise against this. With '', if you have another socket using the same port, both sockets will get eachothers data.

回答2:

When binding your socket, try the values mentioned here:

For IPv4 addresses, two special forms are accepted instead of a host address: the empty string represents INADDR_ANY, and the string '' represents INADDR_BROADCAST.

INADDR_ANY is also known as the wildcard address:

Sockets with wildcarded local addresses may receive messages directed to the specified port number and addressed to any of the possible addresses assigned to a host`

More here.

回答3:

I figured it out. It turns out that the piece I was missing was adding the interface to the mreq structure that is used in adding membership to a multicast group.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3859090/choosing-multicast-network-interface-in-python

标签

python

sockets

networking