MySQL5.7.x安装教程（tar.gz）

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二、MySQL安装（tar.gz）

1.系统环境设置

1.1清空系统mysql

安装mysql之前需要将系统自带的mysql包进行删除： 
yum remove all mysql\*

1.2SELinux设置

vim /etc/selinux/config 
输入：
disabled

reboot
getenforce 
df -lh （确保拥有4G空间可用）

1.3创建目录

1.3.1安装目录

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql5.7/

1.3.2数据文件

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql5.7/data
mkdir -p  /var/lib/mysql5.7/pid

1.3.3日志目录

mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql5.7/log

1.4设置时间同步

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
date

2. 二进制安装（tar.gz）

2.1赋权

chmod 755 mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.2解压

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /var/lib/mysql5.7/
cd /var/lib/mysql5.7/
ll
显示：
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root  29 Dec 19 08:59 mysql5.7.28
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 Dec 19 09:18 mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64

2.3改名

mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  mysql5.7.28
cd /var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28

2.4创建用户与组、安装与配置

参照1：mysql官方文档

下载连接：https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-5.7-en.pdf

[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# pwd
/var/lib/mysql5.7
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# cd mysql5.7.28
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# mkdir mysql-files 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# chmod 750 mysql-files 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]#  bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28  --datadir=/var/lib/mysql5.7/data 
2019-12-19T15:50:33.579346Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-12-19T15:50:33.867664Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-12-19T15:50:33.924879Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-12-19T15:50:33.984959Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4ad074ce-2277-11ea-aef8-000c2926368f.
2019-12-19T15:50:33.985896Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-12-19T15:50:34.459641Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2019-12-19T15:50:34.729030Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: e_opE5TIU:we   （临时密码）
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# echo $?   （验证安装）
0
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# vim /etc/my.cnf
修改两处：
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql5.7/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql5.7/data/mysql.sock

2.5启动服务

[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server 
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# service mysql.server start 
/etc/init.d/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
/etc/init.d/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

2.5.1依据报错提示，建立软连接：
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mysql_slave local]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28 mysql  
（create a symbolic link to the installation directory created by tar）
[root@mysql_slave local]# cd -
/var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# service mysql.server start 
Starting MySQL.2019-12-19T15:55:39.340393Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/mysql_slave.pid).

2.5.2依据报错提示，设置日志目录：
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# pwd
/var/lib/mysql5.7
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# mkdir pid
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# touch /var/lib/mysql5.7/log/mysql.log
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# touch /var/lib/mysql5.7/pid/mysql.pid
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# chown -R mysql:mysql .*
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7]# vim /etc/my.cnf
修改两处：
[mysqld_safe]
#log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
log-error=/var/lib/mysql5.7/log/mysql.log
#pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
pid-file=/var/lib/mysql5.7/pid/mysql.pid
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# service mysql.server start 
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!       （看到这个是不是会有点高兴呢？）

2.6设置开机启动

chkconfig --add mysql.server
chkconfig --list
chkconfig mysql.server on
systemctl start mysqld/mysql.server

2.7修改密码

[root@mysql_slave ~]# /var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28/bin/mysqld_safe  --skip-grant-tables &
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# mysql -uroot -p
-bash: mysql: command not found

2.7.1根据报错提示设置环境变量
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# vim /etc/profile
输入：
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# source /etc/profil
[root@mysql_slave mysql5.7.28]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'

2.7.2根据报错提示，建立sock软连接
[root@mysql_slave ~]# find / -name mysql.sock
/var/lib/mysql5.7/data/mysql.sock
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[root@mysql_slave ~]# rm -rf /tmp/*
[root@mysql_slave ~]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql5.7/data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
此时方可重置密码：设置密码
[root@mysql_slave ~]# /var/lib/mysql5.7/mysql5.7.28/bin/mysqld_safe  --skip-grant-tables &

空密码登录：
[root@mysql_slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: （enter）
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
首次修改密码必须使用alter：
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 
后面再次修改密码可以使用其他方法：
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where User='root';  
mysql> flush privileges;