HTTP headers - Requests - Python

问题

I am trying to scrape a website in which the request headers are having some new (for me) attributes such as :authority, :method, :path, :scheme.

{':authority':'xxxx',':method':'GET',':path':'/xxxx',':scheme':'https','accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8','accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, br','accept-language':'en-US,en;q=0.9','cache-control':'max-age=0',GOOGLE_ABUSE_EXEMPTION=ID=0d5af55f1ada3f1e:TM=1533116294:C=r:IP=182.71.238.62-:S=APGng0u2o9IqL5wljH2o67S5Hp3hNcYIpw;1P_JAR=2018-8-1-9',   'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',   'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/68.0.3440.84Safari/537.36',   'x-client-data': 'CJG2yQEIpbbJAQjEtskBCKmdygEI2J3KAQioo8oBCIKkygE=' }

I tried passing them as headers with http request but ended up with error as shown below.

ValueError: Invalid header name b':scheme'

Any help would be appreciated on understanding and guidance on using them in passing request.

EDIT: code added

import requests

url = 'https://www.google.co.in/search?q=some+text'

headers = {':authority':'xxxx',':method':'GET',':path':'/xxxx',':scheme':'https','accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8','accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, br','accept-language':'en-US,en;q=0.9','cache-control':'max-age=0','upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',   'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0(WindowsNT6.1;Win64;x64)AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML,likeGecko)Chrome/68.0.3440.84Safari/537.36',   'x-client-data': 'CJG2yQEIpbbJAQjEtskBCKmdygEI2J3KAQioo8oBCIKkygE=' }

response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

print(response.text)

回答1:

Your error comes from here (python's source code)

Http headers cannot start with a semicolon as RFC states.

回答2:

:authority, :method, :path, :scheme are not http headers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields

':method':'GET'

defines http request method

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol#Request_methods

and

:authority, :path, :scheme

are parts of URI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Generic_syntax

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51630571/http-headers-requests-python

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