Compound mdfind search | 易学教程

问题

The goal is to find all images that are in a certain state or country.

mdfind kind:image

will find all images

mdfind "kMDItemCountry == 'United States'"

will find all files what have this property.

mdfind kind:image "kMDItemCountry == 'United States'"

fails. I've tried using && and various groupings of () but can't make it work. How can I successfully combine 'kind:image' with attribute searches like kMDIxxx?

回答1:

I have had a chance to do some experiments as to how mdfind really works, as opposed to how it is documented - the two differ.

First, let's look at the Spotlight data for a file called tardis.png that was hanging around on my Mac.

mdls tardis.png

Output

_kMDItemOwnerUserID            = 501
kMDItemBitsPerSample           = 32
kMDItemColorSpace              = "RGB"
kMDItemContentCreationDate     = 2017-05-31 14:15:03 +0000
kMDItemContentModificationDate = 2017-05-31 14:15:03 +0000
kMDItemContentType             = "public.png"
kMDItemContentTypeTree         = (
    "public.png",
    "public.item",
    "public.png",
    "public.data",
    "public.image",
    "public.content"
)
kMDItemCreator                 = "Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Macintosh)"
kMDItemDateAdded               = 2017-05-31 14:15:23 +0000
kMDItemDisplayName             = "tardis.png"
kMDItemFSContentChangeDate     = 2017-05-31 14:15:23 +0000
kMDItemFSCreationDate          = 2017-05-31 14:15:22 +0000
kMDItemFSCreatorCode           = "8BIM"
kMDItemFSFinderFlags           = 0
kMDItemFSHasCustomIcon         = (null)
kMDItemFSInvisible             = 0
kMDItemFSIsExtensionHidden     = 0
kMDItemFSIsStationery          = (null)
kMDItemFSLabel                 = 0
kMDItemFSName                  = "tardis.png"
kMDItemFSNodeCount             = (null)
kMDItemFSOwnerGroupID          = 20
kMDItemFSOwnerUserID           = 501
kMDItemFSSize                  = 1488497
kMDItemFSTypeCode              = "PNGf"
kMDItemHasAlphaChannel         = 0
kMDItemKind                    = "Portable Network Graphics image"
kMDItemLogicalSize             = 1488497
kMDItemOrientation             = 1
kMDItemPhysicalSize            = 1490944
kMDItemPixelCount              = 2091600
kMDItemPixelHeight             = 1494
kMDItemPixelWidth              = 1400
kMDItemProfileName             = "sRGB IEC61966-2.1"
kMDItemResolutionHeightDPI     = 72
kMDItemResolutionWidthDPI      = 72

And here is a query that matches and lists that file:

mdfind -onlyin . "(kMDItemPixelHeight>1500 || kMDItemPixelWidth=1400)&& kMDItemKind='*image*' && kMDItemProfileName='srgb*'c"

That shows how to do compound searches with && (AND) and || (OR), how to group conditions within parentheses (conditionA || conditionB) and also how to do case-insensitive search (by appending c after the search string).

Examples: maybe more for my own reference ;-)

List all cameras and scanners that I have used to make pictures on my Mac:

mdfind -0 kind:image |  xargs -0 mdls -n kMDItemAcquisitionModel | sort -u
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "645 PRO Mk III for iOS"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "BlackBerry 8900"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "BlackBerry 9000"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 5D Mark III"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 5D"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 7D Mark II"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS 7D"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1D Mark II N"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1D Mark IV"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1D X"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1DS"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "EOS-1Ds Mark III"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "EPSON Perfection 4990"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "NIKON D800"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "NIKON D800E"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Perfection 4990"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "Perfection4990"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "PerfectionV700  "
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "PerfectionV700"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "TANGO           "
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "TANGO"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPad mini 4"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPad mini"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPad"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 3G"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 3GS"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 4"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 4S"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 5"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 5s"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 6"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone 6s"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone SE"
kMDItemAcquisitionModel = "iPhone"

Find all photos shot on iPhone 6:

mdfind "kMDItemAcquisitionModel='*iPhone*6*'"

Notes:

The man-page says -onlyin limits the scope of the search to the specified directory. That is not really correct, because it recurses into contained directories too.
It seems to make no difference whether you use single (=) or double (==) equals signs in comparisons.
The documentation says you can use string==[c]"pattern" for case-insensitive search, that is incorrect and the syntax I have shown above does work on macOS Sierra at least.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45899411/compound-mdfind-search

标签

macos

macos-sierra