How do I turn a list of tuples into a dictionary while keeping redundant values?

问题

I'm getting a data set that's formatted as a list of key-value pairs. The key is the data source, and the value is the data element. For example:

[('a', 3), ('b', 5), ('a', 7), ('c', 15), ('d', 12)]

I want to turn this list into a dictionary. I could use Python's built-in dict(), but it throws away redundant values and keeps only the last value associated with a given key. I would like redundant values to go into a list, as follows:

{'a': [3, 7],
'b': [5],
'c': [15],
'd': [12]}

Is there a simple way to do the above? I think there has to be, but I can't seem to find the right hint via Google.

回答1:

The dict subclass defaultdict in the collections module can be used to automatically initialize a new list for each key the first time you access it.

With it, you just need to loop through the input pairs and append each value to the list of the corresponding key in order to produce the lists of values you want.

import collections    

data = [('a', 3), ('b', 5), ('a', 7), ('c', 15), ('d', 12)]
result = collections.defaultdict(list)

for key, value in data:
    result[key].append(value)

print result

defaultdict(<type 'list'>, {'a': [3, 7], 'c': [15], 'b': [5], 'd': [12]})

print result['a']

[3, 7]

print result['z']

[]

回答2:

You can use the setdefault() method of dictionaries:

d = {}
for key, value in my_list:
    d.setdefault(key, []).append(value)

This can also be done with a defaultdict. Which of the two options is preferable depends on how d is used in the rest of the code. A defaultdict will never give you a KeyError, so it might hide errors further down in the code.

回答3:

def multidict(lst):
    result = collections.defaultdict(list)
    for key, value in lst:
        result[key].append(value)
    return result # or dict(result) if you don't want to keep defaultdict

回答4:

from collections import defaultdict
l = [('a', 3), ('b', 5), ('a', 7), ('c', 15), ('d', 12)]
d = defaultdict(list)
for k, v in l:
    d[k].append(v)
print d

See the first example here: http://docs.python.org/release/2.5.2/lib/defaultdict-examples.html

回答5:

Both werkzeug and paste offer multidict implementations. Pick one, and use it.

回答6:

like this?

 >>> d=[('a', 3), ('b', 5), ('a', 7), ('c', 15), ('d', 12)]
 >>> f={}
 >>> for k,v in d:
 ...     f[k]=f.get(k,[])+[v]
 ... 
 >>> f
 {'a': [3, 7], 'c': [15], 'b': [5], 'd': [12]}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9840783/how-do-i-turn-a-list-of-tuples-into-a-dictionary-while-keeping-redundant-values

标签

python

list

dictionary

tuples