Webpack js 懒加载

ぐ巨炮叔叔 提交于 2021-02-08 01:33:49

现在的前端单页应用,都是通过路由导向到具体的页面。随着应用越来越大,页面也越来越多,首屏加载越来越慢,因为需要下载文件越来越大。这时候就需要通过懒加载分离路由页面,按需加载。那么webpack是如果对页面进行懒加载处理的呢?

webpack支持两种动态加载的配置:

1. ECMAScript 的 import()  (注意是带()的,带() 表示异步,不带() 表示立即加载)

2. webpack 自带的 require.ensure

下面我们使用import来模拟对文件进行懒加载

// index.js
// 需要安装 @babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import 插件
import('./ejs').then(res => {
  console.log('ejs: ', res)
})

import('./cjs').then(res => {
  console.log('cjs: ', res)
})


// ejs.js
const a = 12
const b = {
  a: 1,
  b: 2
}
function fn1 (a) {
  console.log('fn1 in ejs: ', a)
}

export default fn1
export {
  a, b
}


// cjs.js
const a = 1
const b = 2

function fn1 (a) {
  console.log('fn1 in cjs: ', a)
}

// module.exports = {
//   a, b, fn1
// }

exports.a = a

 查看生成的文件,跟不用懒加载一样,是通过一个立即执行函数:

(function(modules) { // webpackBootstrap
  // install a JSONP callback for chunk loading
  // 
    function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
        var chunkIds = data[0];
        var moreModules = data[1];


        // add "moreModules" to the modules object,
        // then flag all "chunkIds" as loaded and fire callback
        var moduleId, chunkId, i = 0, resolves = [];
        for(;i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
            chunkId = chunkIds[i];
            if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(installedChunks, chunkId) && installedChunks[chunkId]) {
                resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0]);
            }
            installedChunks[chunkId] = 0;
        }
        for(moduleId in moreModules) {
            if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
                modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId];
            }
        }
        if(parentJsonpFunction) parentJsonpFunction(data);

        while(resolves.length) {
            resolves.shift()();
        }

    };


    // The module cache
    var installedModules = {};

    // object to store loaded and loading chunks
    // undefined = chunk not loaded, null = chunk preloaded/prefetched
    // Promise = chunk loading, 0 = chunk loaded
    var installedChunks = {
        "app": 0
    };



    // script path function
    function jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId) {
        return __webpack_require__.p + "js/" + ({}[chunkId]||chunkId) + ".bundle.js"
    }

    // The require function
    function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {

        // Check if module is in cache
        if(installedModules[moduleId]) {
            return installedModules[moduleId].exports;
        }
        // Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
        var module = installedModules[moduleId] = {
            i: moduleId,
            l: false,
            exports: {}
        };

        // Execute the module function
        modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__);

        // Flag the module as loaded
        module.l = true;

        // Return the exports of the module
        return module.exports;
    }

    // This file contains only the entry chunk.
    // The chunk loading function for additional chunks
    __webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {
        var promises = [];


        // JSONP chunk loading for javascript

        var installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId];
        if(installedChunkData !== 0) { // 0 means "already installed".

            // a Promise means "currently loading".
            if(installedChunkData) {
                promises.push(installedChunkData[2]);
            } else {
                // setup Promise in chunk cache
                var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
                    installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject];
                });
                promises.push(installedChunkData[2] = promise);

                // start chunk loading
                var script = document.createElement('script');
                var onScriptComplete;

                script.charset = 'utf-8';
                script.timeout = 120;
                if (__webpack_require__.nc) {
                    script.setAttribute("nonce", __webpack_require__.nc);
                }
                script.src = jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId);

                // create error before stack unwound to get useful stacktrace later
                var error = new Error();
                onScriptComplete = function (event) {
                    // avoid mem leaks in IE.
                    script.onerror = script.onload = null;
                    clearTimeout(timeout);
                    var chunk = installedChunks[chunkId];
                    if(chunk !== 0) {
                        if(chunk) {
                            var errorType = event && (event.type === 'load' ? 'missing' : event.type);
                            var realSrc = event && event.target && event.target.src;
                            error.message = 'Loading chunk ' + chunkId + ' failed.\n(' + errorType + ': ' + realSrc + ')';
                            error.name = 'ChunkLoadError';
                            error.type = errorType;
                            error.request = realSrc;
                            chunk[1](error);
                        }
                        installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined;
                    }
                };
                var timeout = setTimeout(function(){
                    onScriptComplete({ type: 'timeout', target: script });
                }, 120000);
                script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete;
                document.head.appendChild(script);
            }
        }
        return Promise.all(promises);
    };

    // expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
    __webpack_require__.m = modules;

    // expose the module cache
    __webpack_require__.c = installedModules;

    // define getter function for harmony exports
    __webpack_require__.d = function(exports, name, getter) {
        if(!__webpack_require__.o(exports, name)) {
            Object.defineProperty(exports, name, { enumerable: true, get: getter });
        }
    };

    // define __esModule on exports
    __webpack_require__.r = function(exports) {
        if(typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toStringTag) {
            Object.defineProperty(exports, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: 'Module' });
        }
        Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
    };

    // create a fake namespace object
    // mode & 1: value is a module id, require it
    // mode & 2: merge all properties of value into the ns
    // mode & 4: return value when already ns object
    // mode & 8|1: behave like require
    __webpack_require__.t = function(value, mode) {
        if(mode & 1) value = __webpack_require__(value);
        if(mode & 8) return value;
        if((mode & 4) && typeof value === 'object' && value && value.__esModule) return value;
        var ns = Object.create(null);
        __webpack_require__.r(ns);
        Object.defineProperty(ns, 'default', { enumerable: true, value: value });
        if(mode & 2 && typeof value != 'string') for(var key in value) __webpack_require__.d(ns, key, function(key) { return value[key]; }.bind(null, key));
        return ns;
    };

    // getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules
    __webpack_require__.n = function(module) {
        var getter = module && module.__esModule ?
            function getDefault() { return module['default']; } :
            function getModuleExports() { return module; };
        __webpack_require__.d(getter, 'a', getter);
        return getter;
    };

    // Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
    __webpack_require__.o = function(object, property) { return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property); };

    // __webpack_public_path__
    __webpack_require__.p = "";

    // on error function for async loading
    __webpack_require__.oe = function(err) { console.error(err); throw err; };

    var jsonpArray = window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || [];
    var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray);
    jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback;
    jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice();
    for(var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i]);
    var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction;


    // Load entry module and return exports
    return __webpack_require__(__webpack_require__.s = "./src/js/index.js");
})
/************************************************************************/
({

/***/ "./src/js/index.js":
/*!*************************!*\
  !*** ./src/js/index.js ***!
  \*************************/
/*! no static exports found */
/***/ (function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {

eval("// import * as ejs from './ejs'\n// import test from './ejs'\n// import cjs from './cjs'\n// const requireCjs = require('./cjs')\n// const requireEjs = require('./ejs')\n// console.log('cjs: ', cjs)\n// console.log('ejs: ', ejs)\n// console.log('test: ', test)\n// console.log('requireCjs: ', requireCjs)\n// console.log('requireEjs: ', requireEjs)\n// 需要安装 @babel/plugin-syntax-dynamic-import 插件\n__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, /*! ./ejs */ \"./src/js/ejs.js\")).then(res => {\n  console.log('ejs: ', res);\n});\n__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 0).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! ./cjs */ \"./src/js/cjs.js\", 7)).then(res => {\n  console.log('cjs: ', res);\n});\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/js/index.js?");

/***/ })

});
View Code

先看下立即执行函数传入的参数:

// __webpack_require__.e 这个是什么鬼?其实这个就是实现懒加载的重点,也是跟非懒加载模块的一个区别
__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, /*! ./ejs */ "./src/js/ejs.js")).then(res => {
  console.log('ejs: ', res);
});
__webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 0).then(__webpack_require__.t.bind(null, /*! ./cjs */ "./src/js/cjs.js", 7)).then(res => {
  console.log('cjs: ', res);
});

接着看懒加载的函数:

// This file contains only the entry chunk.
// The chunk loading function for additional chunks
__webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {
  var promises = [];


  // JSONP chunk loading for javascript

  // 已经加载的chunk数据.如果值为0,表示已经加载过,直接返回Promise.all([]),即直接执行then回调
  var installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId];
  if(installedChunkData !== 0) { // 0 means "already installed".

    // a Promise means "currently loading".
    // 如果 installedChunkData 不为0 且 有值,说明正在加载中,等待就行
    if(installedChunkData) {
      promises.push(installedChunkData[2]);
    } else {
      // setup Promise in chunk cache
      // 封装 Promise,因为这里都是基于Promise,所以如果不支持的(说的就是你,IE,需要安装polyfill)
      // 将 chunkId 存入 installedChunks 数组,避免重复请求(就是上面if判断)
      var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
        installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject];
      });

      // 将 promise 放入数组,用于后面返回
      promises.push(installedChunkData[2] = promise);

      // start chunk loading
      // 创建 <script> 标签,请求对应的 chunk 文件
      var script = document.createElement('script');
      var onScriptComplete;

      script.charset = 'utf-8';
      script.timeout = 120;
      if (__webpack_require__.nc) {
        script.setAttribute("nonce", __webpack_require__.nc);
      }

      // 构造 script 路径
      script.src = jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId);

      // create error before stack unwound to get useful stacktrace later
      var error = new Error();
      onScriptComplete = function (event) {
        // avoid mem leaks in IE.
        script.onerror = script.onload = null;
        clearTimeout(timeout);
        var chunk = installedChunks[chunkId];
        if(chunk !== 0) {
          if(chunk) {
            var errorType = event && (event.type === 'load' ? 'missing' : event.type);
            var realSrc = event && event.target && event.target.src;
            error.message = 'Loading chunk ' + chunkId + ' failed.\n(' + errorType + ': ' + realSrc + ')';
            error.name = 'ChunkLoadError';
            error.type = errorType;
            error.request = realSrc;
            chunk[1](error);
          }
          installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined;
        }
      };
      // 设置超时,当 chunk 文件下载超时时执行
      var timeout = setTimeout(function(){
        onScriptComplete({ type: 'timeout', target: script });
      }, 120000);
      script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete;
      // 添加到 head,等待下载完之后执行 chunk 里面的回调就行
      document.head.appendChild(script);
    }
  }
  return Promise.all(promises);
};

 

当chunk文件下载完之后,看下chunk文件:

/* 
  这个 window.webpackJsonp 是哪来的?干嘛用的呢?
  其实这个是在生成的 app.bundle.js 里面定义的,用于下载完 chunk 文件之后的回调:
    var jsonpArray = window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || [];
    var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray);
    jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback;
    jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice();
    for(var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i]);
    var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction;
  注意这里的 webpackJsonp 是一个全局变量,有可能会跟你本身代码或者依赖的模块/库冲突,如果冲突可通过 webpack 配置的 output.jsonpFunction 重新命名
  可以看到这个 webpackJsonp 是一个数组,这里重置了它的 push 属性,将其指向 webpackJsonpCallback,用于 模拟 jsonp 回调(jsonp主要是以前用来解决跨域问题的一个方案,具体的可以百度看看)
  这里的参数是二维数组,数组的第一个参数是一个数组,表明该文件的chunkId,第二个参数是一个对象,key代表源文件路径,value代表源文件打包之后的内容
*/
(window["webpackJsonp"] = window["webpackJsonp"] || []).push([[1],{

/***/ "./src/js/ejs.js":
/*!***********************!*\
  !*** ./src/js/ejs.js ***!
  \***********************/
/*! exports provided: default, a, b */
/***/ (function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {

"use strict";
eval("__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__);\n/* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, \"a\", function() { return a; });\n/* harmony export (binding) */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, \"b\", function() { return b; });\nconst a = 12;\nconst b = {\n  a: 1,\n  b: 2\n};\n\nfunction fn1(a) {\n  console.log('fn1 in ejs: ', a);\n}\n\n/* harmony default export */ __webpack_exports__[\"default\"] = (fn1);\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack:///./src/js/ejs.js?");

/***/ })

}]);

 

接着进来 webpackJsonpCallback 看下这个函数是做什么的:

function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
  // chunkIds 表示需要加载的 chunk 文件对应的id,可能有多个
  // moremodules 表示对应的模块,key表示文件路径,value表示模块内容
  var chunkIds = data[0];
  var moreModules = data[1];


  // add "moreModules" to the modules object,
  // then flag all "chunkIds" as loaded and fire callback
  var moduleId, chunkId, i = 0, resolves = [];
  for(;i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
    chunkId = chunkIds[i];
    // 判断installedChunks里面对应的chunkId是否已经加载过,已经加载过的话,对应的值应该是 installedChunks[chunkId] === 0 即不会跑到if里面
    if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(installedChunks, chunkId) && installedChunks[chunkId]) {
      // 如果未加载,在 __webpack_require__.e 函数里面存储的 installedChunks[chunkId] 是一个数组,对应的元素分别是 resolve函数,reject函数,promise对象
      // 这里获取对应的 resolve 函数,便于后面resolve掉该promise,触发对应的依赖该模块的then回调
      resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0]);
    }
    // 将 installedChunks[chunkId] 置为0 表示已经加载过,后续依赖该模块的地方直接执行then函数
    // 具体实现在 __webpack_require__.e 函数里面
    installedChunks[chunkId] = 0;
  }

  // 遍历 moreModule,并将其加到 modules 里面,便于后面通过 __webpack_require__ 加载该模块
  for(moduleId in moreModules) {
    if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
      modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId];
    }
  }

  // 将该data存入全局的 window["webpackJsonp"] 数组里面
// 这里为啥要存在 window["webpackJsonp"]?是个问题。因为单页面app.bundle.js 就是主入口,也就是只有页面重新加载才会再跑一遍,但是这时候页面重新渲染重新赋值,需要重新构造请求,不存在已加载情况。如果是多页面的话,不会共享同个window。还请高手指点指点
if(parentJsonpFunction) parentJsonpFunction(data); // resolve Promise 并触发对应的回调,这里对应的就是 app.bundle.js 里面的 __webpack_require__.e(/*! import() */ 1).then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, /*! ./ejs */ "./src/js/ejs.js")) 回调,加载对应的模块 while(resolves.length) { resolves.shift()(); } };

 

接下的逻辑就是正常的执行对应的模块了。

以上就是对于webpack懒加载的一些理解,如有不对,还请各位大佬指点指点。

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