Using Docker for Windows in Jenkins Declarative Pipeline

问题

I am setting up a CI workflow with Jenkins declarative pipeline and Docker-for-Windows agents through Dockerfile.

Note: It is unfortunately currently not a solution to use a Linux-based docker daemon, since I need to run Windows binaries.

Setup: Jenkins master runs on Linux 16.04 through Docker. Jenkins build agent is

Windows 10 Enterprise 1709 (16299.551)
Docker-for-Windows 17.12.0-ce

Docker 18.x gave me headaches when trying to use Windows Containers, so I rolled back to 17.x. I still had some issues when trying to run with Jenkins and nohup not being on path, but it was solved by adding Git binaries to Windows search path (another reference). I suspect my current issue may be related.

Code: I am trying to initialize a Jenkinsfile and run a simple hello-world-printout within.

/Jenkinsfile

pipeline {
  agent none
  stages {
    stage('Docker Test') {
      agent {
        dockerfile {
          filename 'Dockerfile'
          label 'windocker'
        }
      }
      steps {
        println 'Hello, World!'
      }
    }
  }
}

/Dockerfile

FROM python:3.7-windowsservercore
RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Basically, this should be a clean image that simply prints "Hello, World!". But it fails on Jenkins!

Output from the log:

[C:\jenkins\workspace\dockerfilecd4c215a] Running shell script
+ docker build -t cbe5e0bb1fa45f7ec37a2b15566f84aa9bd08f5d -f Dockerfile .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  337.4kB

Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.7-windowsservercore
 ---> 340689b75c39
Step 2/2 : RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a93f446a877f
Successfully built a93f446a877f
Successfully tagged cbe5e0bb1fa45f7ec37a2b15566f84aa9bd08f5d:latest
[C:\jenkins\workspace\dockerfilecd4c215a] Running shell script
+ docker inspect -f . cbe5e0bb1fa45f7ec37a2b15566f84aa9bd08f5d
.
Cannot run program "id": CreateProcess error=2, The system cannot find the file specified