Python Read Formatted String

问题

I have a file with a number of lines formatted with the following syntax:

FIELD      POSITION  DATA TYPE
------------------------------
COOP ID       1-6    Character
LATITUDE     8-15    Real
LONGITUDE   17-25    Real
ELEVATION   27-32    Real
STATE       34-35    Character
NAME        37-66    Character
COMPONENT1  68-73    Character
COMPONENT2  75-80    Character
COMPONENT3  82-87    Character
UTC OFFSET  89-90    Integer

The data is all ASCII-formatted.

An example of a line is:

011084  31.0581  -87.0547   26.0 AL BREWTON 3 SSE                  ------ ------ ------ +6

My current thought is that I'd like to read the file in a line at a time and somehow have each line broken up into a dictionary so I can refer to the components. Is there some module that does this in Python, or some other clean way?

Thanks!

回答1:

EDIT: You can still use the struct module:

See the struct module documentation. Looks to me like you want to use struct.unpack()

What you want is probably something like:

import struct
with open("filename.txt", "r") as f:
    for line in f:
        (coop_id, lat, lon, elev, state, name, c1, c2, c3, utc_offset
         ) = struct.unpack("6sx8sx9sx6sx2sx30sx6sx6sx6sx2s", line.strip())
        (lat, lon, elev) = map(float, (lat, lon, elev))
        utc_offset = int(utc_offset)

回答2:

I think I understand from your question/comments what you are looking for. If we assume that Real, Character, and Integer are the only data types, then the following code should work. (I will also assume that the format file you showed is tab delimited):

format = {}
types = {"Real":float, "Character":str, "Integer":int}

for line in open("format.txt", "r"):
    values = line.split("\t")
    range = values[1].split("-")
    format[values[0]]={"start":int(range[0])-1, "end":int(range[1])-1, "type":types[values[2]]}

results=[]
for line in open("filename.txt"):
    result={}
    for key in format:
        result[key]=format["type"](line[format["start"]:format["end"]])
    results.append(result)

You should end up with results containing a list of dictionaries where each dictionary is a mapping from key names in the format file to data values in the correct data type.

回答3:

It seems like you could write a function using strings and slices fairly simply. string[0:5] would be the first element. Does it need to be extensible, or is it likely a one off?

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7111690/python-read-formatted-string

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python