How to avoid captured variables?

问题

I'm having a problem with

foreach(var category in categories)
{
    foreach(var word in words)
    {
        var waitCallback = new WaitCallback(state =>
        {
            DoSomething(word, category);
        });

        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(waitCallback);
    }
}

When the DoSomething gets executed, it receives the latest value for each captured variable instead of the value I desired. I can imagine a solution for this, but it imagine you guys can come up with better solutions

回答1:

The canonical way to solve this is to copy the values into temporary variables which are declared inside the loop.

foreach(var category in categories)
{
    var catCopy = category;
    foreach(var word in words)
    {
        var wordCopy = word;
        var waitCallback = new WaitCallback(state =>
        {
            DoSomething(wordCopy, catCopy);
        });

        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(waitCallback);
    }
}

回答2:

Refactor it to:

foreach(var category in categories) {
  foreach(var word in words) {
    DoSomethingAsync(word, category);
  }
}

...

private void DoSomethingAsync(string word, string category) {
  var waitCallback = new WaitCallback(state => DoSomething(word, category));
  ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(waitCallback);
}

This is simple and easy to understand. It states the developer's intent without cluttering the code with extra variables (as in the default way to solve this problem).

回答3:

For reference, I imagine the following would solve my problem:

foreach(var category in categories)
{
    foreach(var word in words)
    {
        var waitCallback = new WaitCallback(state =>
        {
            var kv = (KeyValuePair<string, string>)state;
            DoSomething(kv.Key, kv.Value);
        });

        var state2 = new KeyValuePair<string, string>(word, category);
        ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(waitCallback, state2);
    }
}

回答4:

I would write the whole thing like this, which dodges the problem and leaves absolutely no question about what is going on:

var callbacks = words.SelectMany(w => categories.Select(c =>
    new WaitCallback(state => {
        DoSomething(w, c);
    })
));

foreach (var callback in callbacks)
    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callback);

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5717186/how-to-avoid-captured-variables

标签

.net

concurrency

delegates

captured-variable