问题
I have a Flask project that interacts with MySQL
db through Flask-SQLAlchemy
.
My question is, how to select a row from the database based on a value OR another value.
The results I want in SQL looks like this
SELECT id FROM users WHERE email=email OR name=name;
How to achieve that in Flask-SQLAlchemy
?
回答1:
The following may help:
# app.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'url_or_path/to/database'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'users'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(30))
def __init__(self, name=None, email=None):
if not name:
raise ValueError('\'name\' cannot be None')
if not email:
raise ValueError('\'email\' cannot be None')
self.name = name
self.email = email
class UserQuery(object):
@staticmethod
def get_user_id_by_email_or_name(email=None, name=None):
user = User.query.filter((User.email == email) | (User.name == name)).first()
return user.id if hasattr(user, 'id') else None
The '|' can be used inside a filter instead of 'or_'. See Using OR in SQLAlchemy.
You can use like this:
>>> from app import db, User, UserQuery
>>> db.create_all()
>>> user = User(name='stan', email='stan@email.com')
>>> db.session.add(user)
>>> db.session.commit()
>>> by_name_id = UserQuery.get_user_id_by_email_or_name(name='stan')
>>> by_email_id = UserQuery.get_user_id_by_email_or_name(email='stan@email.com')
>>> by_name_id == by_email_id
True
回答2:
I also needed this case today, I found the nice answer here:
So, we can make OR logic like the below example:
from sqlalchemy import or_
db.session.query(User).filter(or_(User.email=='useremail@example.com', User.name=="username")).first()
When using the filter()
expression, you must use proper comparison operators, whereas filter_by()
uses a shortened unPythonic form.
回答3:
I also wanted to have an or
along with and
condition
I found this after googling around:
# Users whose age is 23 AND (firstname IS alex OR lastname IS watson)
usrs = session.query(User) \
.filter(User.age === "23") \
.filter((User.firstname == 'alex') | (User.lastname == 'watson')) \
.all()
hopefully, it helps other people coming here looking for it
来源:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40535547/flask-sqlalchemy-filter-by-value-or-another