Create a sorted linked list

问题

After almost 3 years, I've started relearning C.

I've created a Linked list, and would like to extend this to creating a sorted linked list. Here is my code:

typedef struct node{
int data;
struct node *ptr;
}node;

node* insert(node* head, int num){
node *temp,*prev,*next;
temp = (node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
temp->data = num;
temp->ptr = '\0';
if(head=='\0'){
    head=temp;
}else{
    next = head;
    prev = next;
    while(next->data<=num){
        prev = next;
        next = next->ptr;
    }
    if(next==NULL){
        prev->ptr = temp;
    }else{
        temp->ptr = prev->ptr;
        prev-> ptr = temp;
    }

}
return head;
}

void main(){
int num;
node *head, *p;
head = '\0';
do{
    printf("Enter a number");
    scanf("%d",&num);
    if(num!=0)
        head = insert(head,num);
}while(num!=0);
p = head;
printf("\nThe numbers are:\n");
while(p!='\0'){
    printf("%d ",p->data);
    p = p->ptr;
}
}

This is my idea. I traverse the list till I find a number >= the input. I store the previous node in prev and next node contains the current value. If next is null, then the list is ended and the number is the highest among the list so it is to be inserted in the last place, if the number is some where in the middle then, prev node's address part is stored in temp nodes address part now temp node pointer holds address of next node.

Edit: Problem with my code is if I enter 1,2 I get error message as a.exe has stopped working. I am using MinGW for compiling. I am breaking the loop when user inputs 0.

回答1:

You have to change the line

while(next->data<=num)

while(next!='\0' && next->data<=num)

When you insert the second element next will be '\0' at the second iteration and trying to get the field data with next->data will lead to a segmentation fault.

With the changed condition in the while if next!='\0' will be false (hence next=='\0') the while is aborted and because of &&'s shortcircuiting next->data is not computed.

EDIT

You have more problems in your code.

If you look at the input 2 1 0 then the output with a correctly working program should be 1 2 but it's 2 1 instead. Teh problem is that in your insert function you do not consider the case where you insert the current smallest element that will be the new head.

Another problem is that you do not free the malloced memory at the end, which leads to memory leaks.

I changed your code to behave correctly:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct node{
    int data;
    struct node *ptr;
} node;

node* insert(node* head, int num) {
    node *temp, *prev, *next;
    temp = (node*)malloc(sizeof(node));
    temp->data = num;
    temp->ptr = NULL;
    if(!head){
        head=temp;
    } else{
        prev = NULL;
        next = head;
        while(next && next->data<=num){
            prev = next;
            next = next->ptr;
        }
        if(!next){
            prev->ptr = temp;
        } else{
            if(prev) {
                temp->ptr = prev->ptr;
                prev-> ptr = temp;
            } else {
                temp->ptr = head;
                head = temp;
            }            
        }   
    }
    return head;
}

void free_list(node *head) {
    node *prev = head;
    node *cur = head;
    while(cur) {
        prev = cur;
        cur = prev->ptr;
        free(prev);
    }       
}

int main(){
    int num;
    node *head, *p;
    head = NULL;
    do {
        printf("Enter a number");
        scanf("%d",&num);
        if(num) {
            head = insert(head, num);
        }
    } while(num);
    p = head;
    printf("\nThe numbers are:\n");
    while(p) {
        printf("%d ", p->data);
        p = p->ptr;
    }
    free_list(head);
    return 0;
}

See https://ideone.com/wT5iQ8 for my code on a testinput together with the correct output.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16043709/create-a-sorted-linked-list

标签

linked-list