SQL statement working in MySQL not working in Postgresql - Sum & group_by rails 3

问题

So I'm very new to working in SQL in general, let alone rails but I have this statement that works in MySQL:

portfolio_values.select("portfolio_values.*, SUM(portfolio_values.value) as totals").group("portfolio_values.day").map(&:totals)

But in postgresql is throws this error:

GError: ERROR: column "portfolio_values.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function : SELECT portfolio_values.*, SUM(portfolio_values.value) as totals FROM "portfolio_values" WHERE "portfolio_values"."user_id" = 3 GROUP BY portfolio_values.day ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: PGError: ERROR: column "portfolio_values.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function

I just don't really understand what its saying I should be doing differently?

回答1:

You just have to add the portfolio_values.id column to the GROUP BY statement - like so:

portfolio_values.select("portfolio_values.*, SUM(portfolio_values.value) as totals").group("portfolio_values.id, portfolio_values.day").map(&:totals)

EDIT

While this is valid SQL, it's not a useful query - see other post.

回答2:

Since PostgreSQL 9.1 a primary key column in the GROUP BY list covers the whole table. Therefore, given that portfolio_values.id is, in fact, the primary key, you can simplify:

portfolio_values.select("portfolio_values.*, SUM(portfolio_values.value) as totals").group("portfolio_values.id").map(&:totals)

I quote the 9.1 release notes:

Allow non-GROUP BY columns in the query target list when the primary key is specified in the GROUP BY clause (Peter Eisentraut)

The SQL standard allows this behavior, and because of the primary key, the result is unambiguous.

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However, in your case, this results in nonsense either way.

a. portfolio_values.id is the primary key.

Then SUM(portfolio_values.value) is pointless. There can only be one row per group.

b. portfolio_values.id is not the primary key.

Then you cannot include portfolio_values.* in the SELECT list.

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If you wish to learn the meaning of * in a SELECT, start by reading the manual here.

回答3:

You probably want distinct on:

http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.1/static/sql-select.html#SQL-DISTINCT

Specifically something like:

select distinct on (yourdatefield) field1, field2, field3 from sometable;

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11217001/sql-statement-working-in-mysql-not-working-in-postgresql-sum-group-by-rails