《精通并发与Netty》学习笔记（05

protobuf是由Google开发的一套对数据结构进行序列化的方法，可用做通信协议，数据存储格式，等等。其特点是不限语言、不限平台、扩展性强

 Netty也提供了对Protobuf的天然支持，我们今天就写一个简单的示例，简单地了解一下Netty对Google的protoBuf的支持

场景设置：

 我们的示例场景很简单的：客户端发送一个信息，这个信息用Protobuf来做序列化，然后服务器端接收这个信息，解码，读取信息

protobuf与xml，json这样的数据格式一样，都有自己的一套语法，且语法很简单，很容易掌握，xml文件的后缀名是xml，json的后缀名是json，以此类推，那么protobuf的后缀名就是proto

关于proto的基本语法与Java的bean很像，详细可以参考官网，可以看下这篇博客：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9b0604b40101qm35.html

第一步：定义proto文件
现在我们定义一个类似Java bean的proto文件，我们定义一个“富人”类，他有多辆车，我们先按照语法，写一个RichMan.proto,如下面的代码清单所示：

package netty;  
  
option java_package = "com.lyncc.netty.codec.protobuf.demo";  
option java_outer_classname = "RichManProto";  
  
message RichMan {  
  
   required int32 id = 1;  
   required string name = 2;  
   optional string email = 3;  
     
   enum CarType {  
     AUDI = 0;  
     BENZ = 1;  
     LAMBORGHINI = 2;  
     DASAUTO = 3;  
   }  
     
   message Car {  
      required string name = 1;  
      optional CarType type = 2 [default = BENZ];  
   }  
     
   repeated Car cars = 4;  
     
}  

 给出上面代码的一些基本解释：

1）java_package值得是该文件生成的java文件的包路径
2）java_outer_classname值的是生成的class的名称
3）message和enum是它的基本类型，很类似于java的class和枚举
4）required表名这个字段是必须的，option表明这个字段可选，default表明这个字段有默认值
5）repeat表明这个字段可以重复，类似于java中的List，该例子中Car的声明中，就相当于java中的List<Car>
6）每个声明的后面的数字，例如1，2，3, 4等等，同级的声明不能重复
总而言之，这个“类”定义了一个富人，该富人有id，名称，邮箱，而且该富人有多个名车，这些名车的类型有奥迪，奔驰，兰博基尼，大众
好了，到目前为止，proto我们已经定义好了，Google提供了一个类似脚本的工具，可以使我们将proto文件转化成java文件

第二步：将proto文件转化成java文件（参考上节）

将生成的文件拷贝至项目中，参考生成文件如下：

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: RichMan.proto

package com.ssy.netty.proto;

public final class RichManProto {
  private RichManProto() {}
  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite registry) {
  }

  public static void registerAllExtensions(
      com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry registry) {
    registerAllExtensions(
        (com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite) registry);
  }
  public interface RichManOrBuilder extends
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:RichMan)
      com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

    /**
     * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
     */
    boolean hasId();
    /**
     * <code>required int32 id = 1;</code>
     */
    int getId();

    /**
     * <code>required string name = 2;</code>
     */
    boolean hasName();
    /**
     * <code>required string name = 2;</code>
     */
    String getName();
    /**
     * <code>required string name = 2;</code>
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getNameBytes();

    /**
     * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
     */
    boolean hasEmail();
    /**
     * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
     */
    String getEmail();
    /**
     * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
     */
    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
        getEmailBytes();

    /**
     * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
     */
    java.util.List<RichMan.Car>
        getCarsList();
    /**
     * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
     */
    RichMan.Car getCars(int index);
    /**
     * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
     */
    int getCarsCount();
    /**
     * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
     */
    java.util.List<? extends RichMan.CarOrBuilder>
        getCarsOrBuilderList();
    /**
     * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
     */
    RichMan.CarOrBuilder getCarsOrBuilder(
            int index);
  }
  /**
   * Protobuf type {@code RichMan}
   */
  public  static final class RichMan extends
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
      // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:RichMan)
      RichManOrBuilder {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
    // Use RichMan.newBuilder() to construct.
    private RichMan(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
      super(builder);
    }
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      name_ = "";
      email_ = "";
      cars_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
    }

    @Override
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    getUnknownFields() {
      return this.unknownFields;
    }
    private RichMan(
        com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      this();
      if (extensionRegistry == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException();
      }
      int mutable_bitField0_ = 0;
      com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.Builder unknownFields =
          com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet.newBuilder();
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          int tag = input.readTag();
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            case 0:
              done = true;
              break;
            case 8: {
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000001;
              id_ = input.readInt32();
              break;
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              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
              name_ = bs;
              break;
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              com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = input.readBytes();
              bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
              email_ = bs;
              break;
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              if (!((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
                cars_ = new java.util.ArrayList<Car>();
                mutable_bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
              }
              cars_.add(
                  input.readMessage(Car.PARSER, extensionRegistry));
              break;
            }
            default: {
              if (!parseUnknownField(
                  input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
                done = true;
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              break;
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          }
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        throw e.setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
        throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
            e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
      } finally {
        if (((mutable_bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
          cars_ = java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(cars_);
        }
        this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
        makeExtensionsImmutable();
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    }
    public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
        getDescriptor() {
      return RichManProto.internal_static_RichMan_descriptor;
    }

    @Override
    protected FieldAccessorTable
        internalGetFieldAccessorTable() {
      return RichManProto.internal_static_RichMan_fieldAccessorTable
          .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
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    /**
     * Protobuf enum {@code RichMan.CarType}
     */
    public enum CarType
        implements com.google.protobuf.ProtocolMessageEnum {
      /**
       * <code>AUDI = 0;</code>
       */
      AUDI(0),
      /**
       * <code>BENZ = 1;</code>
       */
      BENZ(1),
      /**
       * <code>LAMBORGHINI = 2;</code>
       */
      LAMBORGHINI(2),
      /**
       * <code>DASAUTO = 3;</code>
       */
      DASAUTO(3),
      ;

      /**
       * <code>AUDI = 0;</code>
       */
      public static final int AUDI_VALUE = 0;
      /**
       * <code>BENZ = 1;</code>
       */
      public static final int BENZ_VALUE = 1;
      /**
       * <code>LAMBORGHINI = 2;</code>
       */
      public static final int LAMBORGHINI_VALUE = 2;
      /**
       * <code>DASAUTO = 3;</code>
       */
      public static final int DASAUTO_VALUE = 3;


      public final int getNumber() {
        return value;
      }

      /**
       * @deprecated Use {@link #forNumber(int)} instead.
       */
      @Deprecated
      public static CarType valueOf(int value) {
        return forNumber(value);
      }

      public static CarType forNumber(int value) {
        switch (value) {
          case 0: return AUDI;
          case 1: return BENZ;
          case 2: return LAMBORGHINI;
          case 3: return DASAUTO;
          default: return null;
        }
      }

      public static com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<CarType>
          internalGetValueMap() {
        return internalValueMap;
      }
      private static final com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<
          CarType> internalValueMap =
            new com.google.protobuf.Internal.EnumLiteMap<CarType>() {
              public CarType findValueByNumber(int number) {
                return CarType.forNumber(number);
              }
            };

      public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor
          getValueDescriptor() {
        return getDescriptor().getValues().get(ordinal());
      }
      public final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor
          getDescriptorForType() {
        return getDescriptor();
      }
      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumDescriptor
          getDescriptor() {
        return RichMan.getDescriptor().getEnumTypes().get(0);
      }

      private static final CarType[] VALUES = values();

      public static CarType valueOf(
          com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.EnumValueDescriptor desc) {
        if (desc.getType() != getDescriptor()) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "EnumValueDescriptor is not for this type.");
        }
        return VALUES[desc.getIndex()];
      }

      private final int value;

      private CarType(int value) {
        this.value = value;
      }

      // @@protoc_insertion_point(enum_scope:RichMan.CarType)
    }

    public interface CarOrBuilder extends
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(interface_extends:RichMan.Car)
        com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {

      /**
       * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
       */
      boolean hasName();
      /**
       * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
       */
      String getName();
      /**
       * <code>required string name = 1;</code>
       */
      com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getNameBytes();

      /**
       * <code>optional .RichMan.CarType type = 2 [default = BENZ];</code>
       */
      boolean hasType();
      /**
       * <code>optional .RichMan.CarType type = 2 [default = BENZ];</code>
       */
      CarType getType();
    }
    /**
     * Protobuf type {@code RichMan.Car}
     */
    public  static final class Car extends
        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3 implements
        // @@protoc_insertion_point(message_implements:RichMan.Car)
        CarOrBuilder {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
      // Use Car.newBuilder() to construct.
      private Car(com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.Builder<?> builder) {
        super(builder);
      }
      private Car() {
        name_ = "";
        type_ = 1;
      }

      @Override
      public final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet
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        return this.unknownFields;
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          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        this();
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              case 16: {
                int rawValue = input.readEnum();
                  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
                CarType value = CarType.valueOf(rawValue);
                if (value == null) {
                  unknownFields.mergeVarintField(2, rawValue);
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                  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
                  type_ = rawValue;
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                    input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
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          throw new com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException(
              e).setUnfinishedMessage(this);
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          this.unknownFields = unknownFields.build();
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      public static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
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      @Override
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            .ensureFieldAccessorsInitialized(
                Car.class, Builder.class);
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      private int bitField0_;
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      /**
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        Object ref = name_;
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          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
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      public static final int TYPE_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
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       * <code>optional .RichMan.CarType type = 2 [default = BENZ];</code>
       */
      public boolean hasType() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional .RichMan.CarType type = 2 [default = BENZ];</code>
       */
      public CarType getType() {
        @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
        CarType result = CarType.valueOf(type_);
        return result == null ? CarType.BENZ : result;
      }

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        memoizedIsInitialized = 1;
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      @Override
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      @Override
      public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
         return true;
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        if (!(obj instanceof Car)) {
          return super.equals(obj);
        }
        Car other = (Car) obj;

        if (hasName() != other.hasName()) return false;
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          if (!getName()
              .equals(other.getName())) return false;
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          hash = (53 * hash) + type_;
        }
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      public static Car parseFrom(
          java.nio.ByteBuffer data)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
      }
      public static Car parseFrom(
          java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
      }
      public static Car parseFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
      }
      public static Car parseFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
      }
      public static Car parseFrom(byte[] data)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
      }
      public static Car parseFrom(
          byte[] data,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
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      }
      public static Car parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
          throws java.io.IOException {
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            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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      public static Car parseFrom(
          java.io.InputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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      public static Car parseDelimitedFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
          throws java.io.IOException {
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            .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input);
      }
      public static Car parseDelimitedFrom(
          java.io.InputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseDelimitedWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
      }
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          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input)
          throws java.io.IOException {
        return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input);
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      public static Car parseFrom(
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          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws java.io.IOException {
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            .parseWithIOException(PARSER, input, extensionRegistry);
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      @Override
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      public static Builder newBuilder() {
        return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder();
      }
      public static Builder newBuilder(Car prototype) {
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      }
      @Override
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        return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
            ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
      }

      @Override
      protected Builder newBuilderForType(
          BuilderParent parent) {
        Builder builder = new Builder(parent);
        return builder;
      }
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       * Protobuf type {@code RichMan.Car}
       */
      public static final class Builder extends
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          // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_implements:RichMan.Car)
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        public Builder mergeFrom(Car other) {
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          }
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            setType(other.getType());
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          onChanged();
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        }

        @Override
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          }
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        @Override
        public Builder mergeFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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          } catch (com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
            parsedMessage = (Car) e.getUnfinishedMessage();
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            if (parsedMessage != null) {
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          CarType result = CarType.valueOf(type_);
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        // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:RichMan.Car)
      }

      // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:RichMan.Car)
      private static final Car DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
      static {
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      }

      public static Car getDefaultInstance() {
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      }

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        public Car parsePartialFrom(
            com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
            com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
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          return new Car(input, extensionRegistry);
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      public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<Car> parser() {
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      }

      @Override
      public com.google.protobuf.Parser<Car> getParserForType() {
        return PARSER;
      }

      @Override
      public Car getDefaultInstanceForType() {
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      }

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        String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
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          email_ = s;
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        return s;
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     * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
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    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
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      Object ref = email_;
      if (ref instanceof String) {
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
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    public static final int CARS_FIELD_NUMBER = 4;
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    /**
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     */
    public java.util.List<Car> getCarsList() {
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    /**
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    public java.util.List<? extends CarOrBuilder>
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    public int getCarsCount() {
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    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
      if (obj == this) {
       return true;
      }
      if (!(obj instanceof RichMan)) {
        return super.equals(obj);
      }
      RichMan other = (RichMan) obj;

      if (hasId() != other.hasId()) return false;
      if (hasId()) {
        if (getId()
            != other.getId()) return false;
      }
      if (hasName() != other.hasName()) return false;
      if (hasName()) {
        if (!getName()
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      if (hasEmail()) {
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    @Override
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      if (memoizedHashCode != 0) {
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      }
      int hash = 41;
      hash = (19 * hash) + getDescriptor().hashCode();
      if (hasId()) {
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      }
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(
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        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
    }
    public static RichMan parseFrom(
        java.nio.ByteBuffer data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(
        com.google.protobuf.ByteString data,
        com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
        throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
      return PARSER.parseFrom(data, extensionRegistry);
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(byte[] data)
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      return PARSER.parseFrom(data);
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(
        byte[] data,
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(java.io.InputStream input)
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      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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    public static RichMan parseDelimitedFrom(
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      return com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3
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    public static RichMan parseFrom(
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    @Override
    public Builder newBuilderForType() { return newBuilder(); }
    public static Builder newBuilder() {
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    public static Builder newBuilder(RichMan prototype) {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE.toBuilder().mergeFrom(prototype);
    }
    @Override
    public Builder toBuilder() {
      return this == DEFAULT_INSTANCE
          ? new Builder() : new Builder().mergeFrom(this);
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    @Override
    protected Builder newBuilderForType(
        BuilderParent parent) {
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      return builder;
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     * Protobuf type {@code RichMan}
     */
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        name_ = "";
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        email_ = "";
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
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          carsBuilder_.clear();
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      @Override
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      @Override
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    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000002;
        name_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private Object email_ = "";
      /**
       * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
       */
      public boolean hasEmail() {
        return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000004) != 0);
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
       */
      public String getEmail() {
        Object ref = email_;
        if (!(ref instanceof String)) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
          String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
          if (bs.isValidUtf8()) {
            email_ = s;
          }
          return s;
        } else {
          return (String) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
       */
      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
          getEmailBytes() {
        Object ref = email_;
        if (ref instanceof String) {
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
                  (String) ref);
          email_ = b;
          return b;
        } else {
          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
       */
      public Builder setEmail(
          String value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        email_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearEmail() {
        bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000004);
        email_ = getDefaultInstance().getEmail();
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>optional string email = 3;</code>
       */
      public Builder setEmailBytes(
          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
        if (value == null) {
    throw new NullPointerException();
  }
  bitField0_ |= 0x00000004;
        email_ = value;
        onChanged();
        return this;
      }

      private java.util.List<Car> cars_ =
        java.util.Collections.emptyList();
      private void ensureCarsIsMutable() {
        if (!((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0)) {
          cars_ = new java.util.ArrayList<Car>(cars_);
          bitField0_ |= 0x00000008;
         }
      }

      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
          Car, Car.Builder, CarOrBuilder> carsBuilder_;

      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public java.util.List<Car> getCarsList() {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(cars_);
        } else {
          return carsBuilder_.getMessageList();
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public int getCarsCount() {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          return cars_.size();
        } else {
          return carsBuilder_.getCount();
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Car getCars(int index) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          return cars_.get(index);
        } else {
          return carsBuilder_.getMessage(index);
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder setCars(
          int index, Car value) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.set(index, value);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.setMessage(index, value);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder setCars(
          int index, Car.Builder builderForValue) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.set(index, builderForValue.build());
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.setMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addCars(Car value) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.add(value);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.addMessage(value);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addCars(
          int index, Car value) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          if (value == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException();
          }
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.add(index, value);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.addMessage(index, value);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addCars(
          Car.Builder builderForValue) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.add(builderForValue.build());
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.addMessage(builderForValue.build());
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addCars(
          int index, Car.Builder builderForValue) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.add(index, builderForValue.build());
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.addMessage(index, builderForValue.build());
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder addAllCars(
          Iterable<? extends Car> values) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
              values, cars_);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.addAllMessages(values);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder clearCars() {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          cars_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
          bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000008);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.clear();
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Builder removeCars(int index) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          ensureCarsIsMutable();
          cars_.remove(index);
          onChanged();
        } else {
          carsBuilder_.remove(index);
        }
        return this;
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Car.Builder getCarsBuilder(
          int index) {
        return getCarsFieldBuilder().getBuilder(index);
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public CarOrBuilder getCarsOrBuilder(
          int index) {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          return cars_.get(index);  } else {
          return carsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilder(index);
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public java.util.List<? extends CarOrBuilder>
           getCarsOrBuilderList() {
        if (carsBuilder_ != null) {
          return carsBuilder_.getMessageOrBuilderList();
        } else {
          return java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(cars_);
        }
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Car.Builder addCarsBuilder() {
        return getCarsFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
            Car.getDefaultInstance());
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public Car.Builder addCarsBuilder(
          int index) {
        return getCarsFieldBuilder().addBuilder(
            index, Car.getDefaultInstance());
      }
      /**
       * <code>repeated .RichMan.Car cars = 4;</code>
       */
      public java.util.List<Car.Builder>
           getCarsBuilderList() {
        return getCarsFieldBuilder().getBuilderList();
      }
      private com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
          Car, Car.Builder, CarOrBuilder>
          getCarsFieldBuilder() {
        if (carsBuilder_ == null) {
          carsBuilder_ = new com.google.protobuf.RepeatedFieldBuilderV3<
              Car, Car.Builder, CarOrBuilder>(
                  cars_,
                  ((bitField0_ & 0x00000008) != 0),
                  getParentForChildren(),
                  isClean());
          cars_ = null;
        }
        return carsBuilder_;
      }
      @Override
      public final Builder setUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.setUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }

      @Override
      public final Builder mergeUnknownFields(
          final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
        return super.mergeUnknownFields(unknownFields);
      }


      // @@protoc_insertion_point(builder_scope:RichMan)
    }

    // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:RichMan)
    private static final RichMan DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    static {
      DEFAULT_INSTANCE = new RichMan();
    }

    public static RichMan getDefaultInstance() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

    @Deprecated public static final com.google.protobuf.Parser<RichMan>
        PARSER = new com.google.protobuf.AbstractParser<RichMan>() {
      @Override
      public RichMan parsePartialFrom(
          com.google.protobuf.CodedInputStream input,
          com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistryLite extensionRegistry)
          throws com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException {
        return new RichMan(input, extensionRegistry);
      }
    };

    public static com.google.protobuf.Parser<RichMan> parser() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @Override
    public com.google.protobuf.Parser<RichMan> getParserForType() {
      return PARSER;
    }

    @Override
    public RichMan getDefaultInstanceForType() {
      return DEFAULT_INSTANCE;
    }

  }

  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_RichMan_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_RichMan_fieldAccessorTable;
  private static final com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor
    internal_static_RichMan_Car_descriptor;
  private static final 
    com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable
      internal_static_RichMan_Car_fieldAccessorTable;

  public static com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      getDescriptor() {
    return descriptor;
  }
  private static  com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      descriptor;
  static {
    String[] descriptorData = {
      "\n\rRichMan.proto\"\306\001\n\007RichMan\022\n\n\002id\030\001 \002(\005\022" +
      "\014\n\004name\030\002 \002(\t\022\r\n\005email\030\003 \001(\t\022\032\n\004cars\030\004 \003" +
      "(\0132\014.RichMan.Car\0329\n\003Car\022\014\n\004name\030\001 \002(\t\022$\n" +
      "\004type\030\002 \001(\0162\020.RichMan.CarType:\004BENZ\";\n\007C" +
      "arType\022\010\n\004AUDI\020\000\022\010\n\004BENZ\020\001\022\017\n\013LAMBORGHIN" +
      "I\020\002\022\013\n\007DASAUTO\020\003B#\n\023com.ssy.netty.protoB" +
      "\014RichManProto"
    };
    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.InternalDescriptorAssigner assigner =
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.    InternalDescriptorAssigner() {
          public com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry assignDescriptors(
              com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor root) {
            descriptor = root;
            return null;
          }
        };
    com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
      .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
        new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
        }, assigner);
    internal_static_RichMan_descriptor =
      getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_RichMan_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_RichMan_descriptor,
        new String[] { "Id", "Name", "Email", "Cars", });
    internal_static_RichMan_Car_descriptor =
      internal_static_RichMan_descriptor.getNestedTypes().get(0);
    internal_static_RichMan_Car_fieldAccessorTable = new
      com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
        internal_static_RichMan_Car_descriptor,
        new String[] { "Name", "Type", });
  }

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
}

View Code

 

第三步：编写Netty服务端ProtoBufServer 

package com.ssy.netty.proto;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.protobuf.ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;

public class ProtoBufServer {

    public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
        // 配置服务端的NIO线程组
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 100)
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)).childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufVarint32FrameDecoder());
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(RichManProto.RichMan.getDefaultInstance()));
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProtoBufServerHandler());
                }
            });

            // 绑定端口，同步等待成功
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();

            System.out.println("init start");
            // 等待服务端监听端口关闭
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            // 优雅退出，释放线程池资源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        int port = 8080;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                // 采用默认值
            }
        }
        new ProtoBufServer().bind(port);
    }

}

第四步：编写 ProtoBufServerHandler

package com.ssy.netty.proto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.List;

import com.ssy.netty.proto.RichManProto.RichMan.Car;

public class ProtoBufServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        RichManProto.RichMan req = (RichManProto.RichMan) msg;
        System.out.println(req.getName()+"他有"+req.getCarsCount()+"量车");
        List<Car> lists = req.getCarsList();
        if(null != lists) {

            for(Car car : lists){
                System.out.println(car.getName());
            }
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

 第五步：编写客户端程序

package com.ssy.netty.proto;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.ssy.netty.proto.RichManProto.RichMan.Car;
import com.ssy.netty.proto.RichManProto.RichMan.CarType;

public class ProtoBufClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        System.out.println("=======================================");
        RichManProto.RichMan.Builder builder = RichManProto.RichMan.newBuilder();
        builder.setName("王思聪");
        builder.setId(1);
        builder.setEmail("wsc@163.com");

        List<RichManProto.RichMan.Car> cars = new ArrayList<RichManProto.RichMan.Car>();
        Car car1 = RichManProto.RichMan.Car.newBuilder().setName("上海大众超跑").setType(CarType.DASAUTO).build();
        Car car2 = RichManProto.RichMan.Car.newBuilder().setName("Aventador").setType(CarType.LAMBORGHINI).build();
        Car car3 = RichManProto.RichMan.Car.newBuilder().setName("奔驰SLS级AMG").setType(CarType.BENZ).build();

        cars.add(car1);
        cars.add(car2);
        cars.add(car3);

        builder.addAllCars(cars);
        ctx.writeAndFlush(builder.build());
    }


    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

好了，到此为止，所有的代码已经写完毕了，我们运行测试一下：

至此，Google Protobuf与Netty的结合示例已完成，下节我们介绍Apache Thrift

来源：oschina

链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4285976/blog/3533532