Toggle between multiple .env files like .env.development with node.js

问题

I want to use separate .env files for each mode (development, production, etc...). When working on my vue.js projects, I can use files like .env.development or .env.production to get different values for the same env key. (example: in .env.development: FOO=BAR and in .env.production: FOO=BAZ, in development mode process.env.FOO would be BAR, in production i'd be BAZ).

I'm working on an Express server and want to use these same kinds of .env files to store the port, db uri, user, pwd...

I know I can edit the scripts in package.json like this:

"scripts": {
    "start": "NODE_ENV=development PORT=80 node ./bin/www",
    "start-prod": "NODE_ENV=production PORT=81 node ./bin/www"
}

but this gets messy when using multiple variables.

I've tried using dotenv but it seems like you can only use the .env file. Not .env.development and .env.production.

Can I use the dotenv package or do I need another one? Or could I do this without any package at all?

回答1:

You can specify which .env file path to use via the path option with something like this:

require('dotenv').config({ path: `.env.${process.env.NODE_ENV}` })

回答2:

I just wanted to add this for other people who are having issues. The above two answers are both slightly off. let me explain. The guy above had to use path as in

the first example it's missing a ./ the ./ indicates current directory to Node.js. Thats why in the first example if the env file was not in the root of the PC it would never find it. Using path is a nasty work around but the best way to do it is to simply add a ./ this says hey computer look in my current directory for this file.

//this says hey computer look in my current directory for this file. 
 
require('dotenv').config({ path: `./.env.${process.env.NODE_ENV}` })


//I reccomend doing a console.log as well to make sure the names match*
console.log(`./.env.${process.env.NODE_ENV}`)

回答3:

I'm using the custom-env npm package to handle multiple .env files. Just put this at the top of your code:

require('custom-env').env();

and it will load environment variables from the file .env.X, where X is the value of you NODE_ENV environment variable. For example: .env.test or .env.production.

Here is a nice tutorial on how to use the package.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55406055/toggle-between-multiple-env-files-like-env-development-with-node-js

标签

node.js

express

environment-variables

dotenv