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依然范特西╮ 提交于 2021-01-15 13:18:21

@Import注解

@ImportSpring基于 Java 注解配置的主要组成部分。@Import注解提供了@Bean注解的功能,同时还有原来Spring基于 xml 配置文件里的<import>标签组织多个分散的xml文件的功能,当然在这里是组织多个分散的@Configuration的类。

下面将分别说明@Import注解的功能。

1. 引入其他的@Configuration

假设有如下接口和两个实现类:

package com.test
interface ServiceInterface {
    void test();
}

class ServiceA implements ServiceInterface {

    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("ServiceA");
    }
}

class ServiceB implements ServiceInterface {

    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("ServiceB");
    }
}

两个@Configuration,其中ConfigA``@Import``ConfigB:

package com.test
@Import(ConfigB.class)
@Configuration
class ConfigA {
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ServiceInterface getServiceA() {
        return new ServiceA();
    }
}

@Configuration
class ConfigB {
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ServiceInterface getServiceB() {
        return new ServiceB();
    }
}

通过ConfigA创建AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,获取ServiceInterface,看是哪种实现:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConfigA.class);
    ServiceInterface bean = ctx.getBean(ServiceInterface.class);
    bean.test();
}

输出为:ServiceB.证明@Import的优先于本身的的类定义加载。

2. 直接初始化其他类的Bean

Spring 4.2之后,@Import可以直接指定实体类,加载这个类定义到context中。 例如把上面代码中的ConfigA@Import修改为@Import(ServiceB.class),就会生成ServiceBBean到容器上下文中,之后运行main方法,输出为:ServiceB.证明@Import的优先于本身的的类定义加载.

3. 指定实现ImportSelector(以及DefferredServiceImportSelector)的类,用于个性化加载

指定实现ImportSelector的类,通过AnnotationMetadata里面的属性,动态加载类。AnnotationMetadataImport注解所在的类属性(如果所在类是注解类,则延伸至应用这个注解类的非注解类为止)。

需要实现selectImports方法,返回要加载的@Configuation或者具体Bean类的全限定名的String数组。

package com.test;
class ServiceImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        //可以是@Configuration注解修饰的类,也可以是具体的Bean类的全限定名称
        return new String[]{"com.test.ConfigB"};
    }
}

@Import(ServiceImportSelector.class)
@Configuration
class ConfigA {
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ServiceInterface getServiceA() {
        return new ServiceA();
    }
}

再次运行main方法,输出:ServiceB.证明@Import的优先于本身的的类定义加载。 一般的,框架中如果基于AnnotationMetadata的参数实现动态加载类,一般会写一个额外的Enable注解,配合使用。例如:

package com.test;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Import(ServiceImportSelector.class)
@interface EnableService {
    String name();
}

class ServiceImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        //这里的importingClassMetadata针对的是使用@EnableService的非注解类
        //因为`AnnotationMetadata`是`Import`注解所在的类属性,如果所在类是注解类,则延伸至应用这个注解类的非注解类为止
        Map<String , Object> map = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableService.class.getName(), true);
        String name = (String) map.get("name");
        if (Objects.equals(name, "B")) {
            return new String[]{"com.test.ConfigB"};
        }
        return new String[0];
    }
}

之后,在ConfigA中增加注解@EnableService(name = "B")

package com.test;
@EnableService(name = "B")
@Configuration
class ConfigA {
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ServiceInterface getServiceA() {
        return new ServiceA();
    }
}

再次运行main方法,输出:ServiceB.

还可以实现DeferredImportSelector接口,这样selectImports返回的类就都是最后加载的,而不是像@Import注解那样,先加载。 例如:

package com.test;
class DefferredServiceImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        Map<String, Object> map = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableService.class.getName(), true);
        String name = (String) map.get("name");
        if (Objects.equals(name, "B")) {
            return new String[]{"com.test.ConfigB"};
        }
        return new String[0];
    }
}

修改EnableService注解:

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Import(DefferredServiceImportSelector.class)
@interface EnableService {
    String name();
}

这样ConfigA就优先于DefferredServiceImportSelector返回的ConfigB加载,执行main方法,输出:ServiceA

4. 指定实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的类,用于个性化加载

ImportSelector用法与用途类似,但是如果我们想重定义Bean,例如动态注入属性,改变Bean的类型和Scope等等,就需要通过指定实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的类实现。例如:

定义ServiceC

package com.test;
class ServiceC implements ServiceInterface {

    private final String name;

    ServiceC(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

定义ServiceImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar动态注册ServiceC,修改EnableService

package com.test;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Import(ServiceImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
@interface EnableService {
    String name();
}

class ServiceImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        Map<String, Object> map = importingClassMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes(EnableService.class.getName(), true);
        String name = (String) map.get("name");
        BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(ServiceC.class)
                //增加构造参数
                .addConstructorArgValue(name);
        //注册Bean
        registry.registerBeanDefinition("serviceC", beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());
    }
}

并且根据后面的源代码解析可以知道,ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar@Bean 注解之后加载,所以要修改ConfigA去掉其中被@ConditionalOnMissingBean注解的Bean,否则一定会生成ConfigAServiceInterface

package com.test;
@EnableService(name = "TestServiceC")
@Configuration
class ConfigA {
//    @Bean
//    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
//    public ServiceInterface getServiceA() {
//        return new ServiceA();
//    }
}

之后运行main,输出:TestServiceC

@Import相关源码解析

加载解析@Import注解位于BeanFactoryPostProcessor处理的时候:

AbstractApplicationContextrefresh方法

-> invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

-> PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory, getBeanFactoryPostProcessors());

-> registryProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(registry);

这里的registryProcessor,我们指ConfigurationClassPostProcessor

ConfigurationClassPostProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(registry)

-> processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry):

public void processConfigBeanDefinitions(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
    //省略一些配置检查与设置的逻辑

    //根据@Order注解,排序所有的@Configuration类
    configCandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> {
			int i1 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd1.getBeanDefinition());
			int i2 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd2.getBeanDefinition());
			return Integer.compare(i1, i2);
		});

	// 创建ConfigurationClassParser解析@Configuration类
	ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser(
			this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment,
			this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry);

    //剩余没有解析的@Configuration类
	Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(configCandidates);
	//已经解析的@Configuration类
	Set<ConfigurationClass> alreadyParsed = new HashSet<>(configCandidates.size());
	do {
	    //解析
		parser.parse(candidates);
		parser.validate();

		Set<ConfigurationClass> configClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>(parser.getConfigurationClasses());
		configClasses.removeAll(alreadyParsed);

		// 生成类定义读取器读取类定义
		if (this.reader == null) {
			this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader(
					registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment,
					this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry());
		}
		this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);
		alreadyParsed.addAll(configClasses);

		candidates.clear();
		if (registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() > candidateNames.length) {
			//省略检查是否有其他需要加载的配置的逻辑
		}
	}
	while (!candidates.isEmpty());

	//省略后续清理逻辑
}

其中parser.parse(candidates)的逻辑主要由org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser实现,功能是加载@Import注解还有即系@Import注解。reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);的逻辑主要由org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReaderloadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass方法实现,功能是将上面解析的配置转换为BeanDefinition就是Bean定义。

1. 加载@Import注解

org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassParser

首先是parse方法

public void parse(Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates) {
	for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : configCandidates) {
		BeanDefinition bd = holder.getBeanDefinition();
		try {
			if (bd instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
			    //这里的parse实际上就是调用下面即将分析的doProcessConfigurationClass
				parse(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) bd).getMetadata(), holder.getBeanName());
			}
			else if (bd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition && ((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).hasBeanClass()) {
				parse(((AbstractBeanDefinition) bd).getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName());
			}
			else {
				parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
			}
		}
		catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
					"Failed to parse configuration class [" + bd.getBeanClassName() + "]", ex);
		}
	}
    //最后处理所有的`DeferredImportSelector`,符合上面提到的`DeferredImportSelector`的功能
	this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.process();
}
@Nullable
protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(
			ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass, Predicate<String> filter)
			throws IOException {
	//处理`@Component`注解的MemberClass相关代码...
	//处理`@PropertySource`注解相关代码...
	//处理`@ComponentScan`注解相关代码...
    //处理`@Import`注解:
    processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), filter, true);
    //处理`@ImportResource`注解相关代码...
    //处理`@Bean`注解相关代码...
    //处理接口方法相关代码...
    //处理父类相关代码...
}

通过getImports方法,采集相关的@Import里面的类。

private Set<SourceClass> getImports(SourceClass sourceClass) throws IOException {
	Set<SourceClass> imports = new LinkedHashSet<>();
	Set<SourceClass> visited = new LinkedHashSet<>();
	//递归查询所有注解以及注解的注解是否包含@Import
	collectImports(sourceClass, imports, visited);
	return imports;
}
private void collectImports(SourceClass sourceClass, Set<SourceClass> imports, Set<SourceClass> visited)
			throws IOException {
    //记录是否已经扫描过这个类,如果扫描过就不重复添加,防止重复或者死循环
	if (visited.add(sourceClass)) {
		for (SourceClass annotation : sourceClass.getAnnotations()) {
			String annName = annotation.getMetadata().getClassName();
			//对于非@Import注解,递归查找其内部是否包含@Import注解
			if (!annName.equals(Import.class.getName())) {
				collectImports(annotation, imports, visited);
			}
		}
		//添加@Import注解里面的所有配置类
		imports.addAll(sourceClass.getAnnotationAttributes(Import.class.getName(), "value"));
	}
}

采集好之后,就可以解析了。

2. 解析@Import注解

解析的方法是:processImports

//在解析时,入栈,解析结束后,出栈,通过检查栈中是否有当前类,判断是否有循环依赖
private final ImportStack importStack = new ImportStack();

//记录所有的ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar
private final Map<ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, AnnotationMetadata> importBeanDefinitionRegistrars = new LinkedHashMap<>();

//解析也是递归方法
private void processImports(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass currentSourceClass,
			Collection<SourceClass> importCandidates, Predicate<String> exclusionFilter,
			boolean checkForCircularImports) {

	if (importCandidates.isEmpty()) {
		return;
	}
    //通过importStack检查循环依赖
	if (checkForCircularImports && isChainedImportOnStack(configClass)) {
		this.problemReporter.error(new CircularImportProblem(configClass, this.importStack));
	}
	else {
	    //入栈
		this.importStack.push(configClass);
		try {
			for (SourceClass candidate : importCandidates) {
				if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportSelector.class)) {
					//处理ImportSelector接口的实现类
					Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
					//创建这些Selector实例
					ImportSelector selector = ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportSelector.class,
							this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
				    //查看是否有过滤器
					Predicate<String> selectorFilter = selector.getExclusionFilter();
					if (selectorFilter != null) {
						exclusionFilter = exclusionFilter.or(selectorFilter);
					}
					//如果是DeferredImportSelector,则用deferredImportSelectorHandler处理
					if (selector instanceof DeferredImportSelector) {
						this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.handle(configClass, (DeferredImportSelector) selector);
					}
					else {
					    //如果不是DeferredImportSelector,调用selectImports方法获取要加载的类全限定名称,递归调用本方法继续解析
						String[] importClassNames = selector.selectImports(currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
						Collection<SourceClass> importSourceClasses = asSourceClasses(importClassNames, exclusionFilter);
						processImports(configClass, currentSourceClass, importSourceClasses, exclusionFilter, false);
					}
				}
				else if (candidate.isAssignable(ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)) {
				    
					// 处理ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的实现类
					Class<?> candidateClass = candidate.loadClass();
					//同样的,创建这些ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实例
					ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar registrar =
							ParserStrategyUtils.instantiateClass(candidateClass, ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class,
									this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.registry);
					//放入importBeanDefinitionRegistrar,用于后面加载
				configClass.addImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar(registrar, currentSourceClass.getMetadata());
				}
				else {
					//处理@Configuration注解类,或者是普通类(直接生成Bean)
					//在栈加上这个类
					this.importStack.registerImport(
							currentSourceClass.getMetadata(), candidate.getMetadata().getClassName());
					//递归回到doProcessConfigurationClass处理@Configuration注解类	processConfigurationClass(candidate.asConfigClass(configClass), exclusionFilter);
				}
			}
		}
		catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
					"Failed to process import candidates for configuration class [" +
					configClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]", ex);
		}
		finally {
			this.importStack.pop();
		}
	}
}

这样,所有的@Conditional类相关的@Import注解就加载解析完成了,这是一个大的递归过程。

3. 转换为BeanDefinition注册到容器

org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReaderloadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass方法:

private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(
			ConfigurationClass configClass, TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) {

	if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) {
		String beanName = configClass.getBeanName();
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
			this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName);
		}
		this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
		return;
	}

    //对Import完成的,加载其Import的BeanDefinition
	if (configClass.isImported()) {
		registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass);
	}
	//加载@Bean注解的方法生成的Bean的Definition
	for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) {
		loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod);
	}
    //@ImportResource 注解加载的
	loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources());
	//加载ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar加载的Bean的Definition
	loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars());
}

通过这里可以看出,为啥之前说@Bean注解的Bean会优先于ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar返回的Bean加载。

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