先
说明本人是个新手,负责人要求我在公司的微信公众号H5界面中添加一个扫一扫功能,这对于我来说还是个不小的挑战,因为之前的公众号开发大部分都是公司的前辈的开发的。对于微信接口的使用,我一点都不熟悉。
废话少说,现在我分享一下调用微信扫一扫的过程及代码,系统框架采用的是SSH框架。
开发扫一扫的满足条件:
一、需要微信公众号的APP_ID
二、需要微信公众号的开发者密码AppSecret(如何查看AppSecreti:开发-基本配置-开发者密码-重置 管理员扫码即可看到)
三、需要一个内网穿透的软件,我使用的是natapp
四、在微信公众号中将自己的本机Ip添加到IP白名单中
满足以上条件,那么我们就可以进行微信扫一扫的接口调用
首先创建微信配置工具类(部分代码是来自网上的大牛们的代码,由于浏览了几天几夜的网页,具体是谁的我也搞不清了)
微信签名类
package com.item.config;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Formatter;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
public class Sign {
/* public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取ticket
String ticket = WxUtils.getTicket();
// 注意 URL 一定要动态获取,不能 hardcode
String url = "http://"+WxUtils.APP_DOMAIN+"/RAFFLE/gotoLetter";
Map<String, String> ret = sign(ticket, url);
for (Map.Entry entry : ret.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ", " + entry.getValue());
}
}*/
/**
* 用于微信签名
* //签名生成规则如下:参与签名的字段包括noncestr(随机字符串), 有效的jsapi_ticket, timestamp(时间戳), url(当前网页的URL,不包含#及其后面部分)
* @param jsapi_ticket
* @param url 当前网页的URL,不包含#及其后面部分
* @return
*/
public static Map<String, String> sign(String jsapi_ticket, String url) {
Map<String, String> ret = new HashMap<String, String>();
//保证每次请求的签名都不一样
String nonce_str = create_nonce_str();
String timestamp = create_timestamp();
String string1;
String signature = "";
//注意这里参数名必须全部小写,且必须有序
string1 = "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket +
"&noncestr=" + nonce_str +
"×tamp=" + timestamp +
"&url=" + url;
System.out.println(string1);
try
{
MessageDigest crypt = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
crypt.reset();
crypt.update(string1.getBytes("UTF-8"));
signature = byteToHex(crypt.digest());
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
ret.put("url", url);
ret.put("jsapi_ticket", jsapi_ticket);
ret.put("nonceStr", nonce_str);
ret.put("timestamp", timestamp);
ret.put("signature", signature);
return ret;
}
private static String byteToHex(final byte[] hash) {
Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
for (byte b : hash)
{
formatter.format("%02x", b);
}
String result = formatter.toString();
formatter.close();
return result;
}
/**
* 创建随机字符串
* @return
*/
private static String create_nonce_str() {
return UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
}
/**
* 创建随机时间戳,保证每次的都不一样
* @return
*/
private static String create_timestamp() {
return Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000);
}
}
获取微信Ticket类
package com.item.config;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
public class WxUtils {
private static String APP_ID = "填写你的APP_ID";
private static String AppSecret = "填写你的Sercret";
public static String APP_DOMAIN ="填写你的域名比如xx.com";
public static String getTicket(){
//grant_type:获取access_token填写client_credential || appid:第三方用户唯一凭证 || secret:第三方用户唯一凭证密钥
String urlToken="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+APP_ID+"&secret="+AppSecret+"";
String backToken = sendGet(urlToken,"utf-8",60000);
System.out.println("token:"+backToken);
String accessToken = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backToken).get("access_token");
String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token="+accessToken+"&type=jsapi";
String backTicket = sendGet(url,"utf-8",60000);
System.out.println("Ticket:"+backTicket);
String ticket = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backTicket).get("ticket");
return ticket;
}
/**
*
* @title getAccessToken
* @Description 获取访问令牌
* @Date 2018-5-18上午11:07:18
* @return
*/
public static String getAccessToken(){
String url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+APP_ID+"&secret="+AppSecret+"";
String backData = sendGet(url,"utf-8",10000);
String accessToken = (String) JSONObject.fromObject(backData).get("access_token");
return accessToken;
}
/**
*
* @title sendGet
* @Description
* @param url
* @param charset
* @param timeout
* @return
*/
public static String sendGet(String url, String charset, int timeout)
{
String result = "";
try
{
URL u = new URL(url);
try
{
URLConnection conn = u.openConnection();
conn.connect();
conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), charset));
String line="";
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
{
result = result + line;
}
in.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
return result;
}
}
catch (MalformedURLException e)
{
return result;
}
return result;
}
}
ScanAction类:进行微信签名并存入Map中
package com.code.action.front;
import java.util.Map;
import com.code.action.BaseAction;
import com.item.config.Sign;
import com.item.config.WxUtils;
public class ScanAction extends BaseAction {
private Map<String, String> sign;
/*public static void main(String[] args) {
// 获取ticket数据
String jsapi_ticket = WxUtils.getTicket();
String url = "http://" + WxUtils.APP_DOMAIN + "/调用微信接口所在的路径下的jsp文件,由于我使用的是通过action进行跳转,那么对应的就是写你跳转到该网页的Action";
Map<String, String> sign = Sign.sign(jsapi_ticket, url);
for (Map.Entry entry : sign.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "," + entry.getValue());
}
}*/
/**
* 进行微信签名并存入Map中,在再跳转到前端中,Map对象的值通过EL表达式进行获取对象的值
* @author chenbufu
* @return
*/
public String getWxConfig() {
System.out.println("获取微信配置");
// 获取ticket数据
String jsapi_ticket = WxUtils.getTicket();
String url = "http://" + WxUtils.APP_DOMAIN + "/项目名/xx.action";
sign = Sign.sign(jsapi_ticket, url);
for (Map.Entry entry : sign.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "," + entry.getValue());
}
System.out.println("----------" + jsapi_ticket);
return "success";
}
public Map<String, String> getSign() {
return sign;
}
public void setSign(Map<String, String> sign) {
this.sign = sign;
}
}
跳转到前端代码:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>管理</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/imgbox/css/lrtk.css"
type="text/css" media="all" />
<script type="text/javascript"
src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/imgbox/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/imgbox/jquery.imgbox.pack.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/css/bg/style.css"
type="text/css" media="all" />
<script type="text/javascript"
src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/pub/js/jquery.idTabs.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body
style="margin:0px;padding:0px;overflow:hidden;padding-top:5px;widht:320px;">
《!--用于测试传递过来的参数
<table>
<tr>
<td>jsapi_ticket:</td>
<td>${sign.jsapi_ticket}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>url:</td>
<td>${sign.url}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nonceStr:</td>
<td>${sign.nonceStr}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>timestamp:</td>
<td>"${sign.timestamp}"</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>signature:</td>
<td>${sign.signature}</td>
</tr>
</table>
--》
<h3 id="menu-scan">微信扫一扫</h3> <span class="desc">调起微信扫一扫接口</span> <button class="btn btn_primary" id="scanQRCode0">scanQRCode(微信处理结果)</button> <button class="btn btn_primary" id="scanQRCode1">scanQRCode(直接返回结果)</button> </body> <script src="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.2.0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> wx.config({ debug : true, appId : 'wx808ff7c908d83c7c',//必填 timestamp : "${sign.timestamp}",//必填 nonceStr : "${sign.nonceStr}",//必填 signature : "${sign.signature}",//必填 jsApiList : [ 'checkJsApi', 'scanQRCode' ]//调用的接口,必填 }); //end_config alert(location.href.split('#')[0]); wx.error(function(res) { alert("出错了:" + res.errMsg); }); // 9 微信原生接口 // 9.1.1 扫描二维码直接跳转 document.querySelector('#scanQRCode0').onclick = function () { wx.scanQRCode(); }; // 9.1.2 扫描二维码并返回结果 document.querySelector('#scanQRCode1').onclick = function () { wx.scanQRCode({ needResult: 1, desc: 'scanQRCode desc', success: function (res) { alert(JSON.stringify(res)); } }); }; </script> </html>
如果报config: invalid signature..请点击此参考连接进行排查错误:https://www.cnblogs.com/buoge/p/4522666.html
我之前一直卡在config: invalid signature 这个报错过程中,通过在script代码块中输入alert(location.href.split('#')[0]);语句,发现与我后台的url地址不同,后台写的是具体的jsp路径,而前台打印的是具体的action跳转,于是我把后台的url改成action跳转后就没报错了。
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/4403835/blog/3640644