问题
In a Rails 3.x app I need to display time zone abbreviations (EST, PST, CST, etc.) rather than the full time zone name. I've seen a number of discussions that seem to address the issue, but in overly verbose manners.
Is there a gem or a very concise method to handle this that could be used to map them properly?
回答1:
For the current time zone:
Time.zone.now.strftime('%Z')
Or for a list of time zones:
ActiveSupport::TimeZone.us_zones.map do |zone|
Time.now.in_time_zone(zone).strftime('%Z')
end
It works, but it still seems like there should be a better way...
回答2:
I looked all over for this answer, and I finally found what I was looking for. I'm leaving the answer here so others might not have to look nearly as long and hard as I had to.
If you have access to ActiveSupport and dealing with TimeZone objects like this:
timezone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone.all[44]
then you can get to the abbreviation this way:
timezone.tzinfo.current_period.abbreviation
回答3:
Time.now.zone
# => "UTC"
To use the default Timezone (if set) you can use:
Time.zone.now.zone
# => "CDT"
More info on that: http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Time.html#method-c-zone-3D
回答4:
Well, if you let your users choose their own timezone, you can render the timezone abbreviation as part of the datetime format. Try something like this in you appliction_helper.rb, then use it in a view to format a datetime object:
def format_datetime(datetime)
datetime.strftime "%-d %b %Y, %H:%M %Z"
end
Update
If you're doing geolocation based on the users IP address, then you can do a timezone lookup based on that location. This question has actually been asked before but with regard to the latitude/longitude rather than the name of the timezone given.
Have a read of this one: Timezone lookup from latitude longitude
回答5:
Using the tzinfo gem, here's a way to obtain a mapping of time zone identifiers and their abbreviation:
TZInfo::TimezoneProxy.all.each_with_object({}) {|tz, obj|
obj[tz.identifier] = tz.strftime("%Z")
}
The result hash contains 594 elements:
{"Africa/Abidjan"=>"GMT", "Africa/Accra"=>"GMT", "Africa/Addis_Ababa"=>"EAT", "Africa/Algiers"=>"CET", "Africa/Asmara"=>"EAT", "Africa/Asmera"=>"EAT", "Africa/Bamako"=>"GMT", "Africa/Bangui"=>"WAT", "Africa/Banjul"=>"GMT", "Africa/Bissau"=>"GMT", "Africa/Blantyre"=>"CAT", "Africa/Brazzaville"=>"WAT", "Africa/Bujumbura"=>"CAT", "Africa/Cairo"=>"EET", "Africa/Casablanca"=>"+01", "Africa/Ceuta"=>"CET", "Africa/Conakry"=>"GMT", "Africa/Dakar"=>"GMT", "Africa/Dar_es_Salaam"=>"EAT", "Africa/Djibouti"=>"EAT", "Africa/Douala"=>"WAT", "Africa/El_Aaiun"=>"+01", "Africa/Freetown"=>"GMT", "Africa/Gaborone"=>"CAT", "Africa/Harare"=>"CAT", "Africa/Johannesburg"=>"SAST", "Africa/Juba"=>"EAT", "Africa/Kampala"=>"EAT", "Africa/Khartoum"=>"CAT", "Africa/Kigali"=>"CAT", "Africa/Kinshasa"=>"WAT", "Africa/Lagos"=>"WAT", "Africa/Libreville"=>"WAT", "Africa/Lome"=>"GMT", "Africa/Luanda"=>"WAT", "Africa/Lubumbashi"=>"CAT", "Africa/Lusaka"=>"CAT", "Africa/Malabo"=>"WAT", "Africa/Maputo"=>"CAT", "Africa/Maseru"=>"SAST", "Africa/Mbabane"=>"SAST", "Africa/Mogadishu"=>"EAT", "Africa/Monrovia"=>"GMT", "Africa/Nairobi"=>"EAT", "Africa/Ndjamena"=>"WAT", "Africa/Niamey"=>"WAT", "Africa/Nouakchott"=>"GMT", "Africa/Ouagadougou"=>"GMT", "Africa/Porto-Novo"=>"WAT", "Africa/Sao_Tome"=>"GMT", "Africa/Timbuktu"=>"GMT", "Africa/Tripoli"=>"EET", "Africa/Tunis"=>"CET", "Africa/Windhoek"=>"CAT", "America/Adak"=>"HST", "America/Anchorage"=>"AKST", "America/Anguilla"=>"AST", "America/Antigua"=>"AST", "America/Araguaina"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Catamarca"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Cordoba"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Jujuy"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/La_Rioja"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Mendoza"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Salta"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/San_Juan"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/San_Luis"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Tucuman"=>"-03", "America/Argentina/Ushuaia"=>"-03", "America/Aruba"=>"AST", "America/Asuncion"=>"-03", "America/Atikokan"=>"EST", "America/Atka"=>"HST", "America/Bahia"=>"-03", "America/Bahia_Banderas"=>"CST", "America/Barbados"=>"AST", "America/Belem"=>"-03", "America/Belize"=>"CST", "America/Blanc-Sablon"=>"AST", "America/Boa_Vista"=>"-04", "America/Bogota"=>"-05", "America/Boise"=>"MST", "America/Buenos_Aires"=>"-03", "America/Cambridge_Bay"=>"MST", "America/Campo_Grande"=>"-04", "America/Cancun"=>"EST", "America/Caracas"=>"-04", "America/Catamarca"=>"-03", "America/Cayenne"=>"-03", "America/Cayman"=>"EST", "America/Chicago"=>"CST", "America/Chihuahua"=>"MST", "America/Coral_Harbour"=>"EST", "America/Cordoba"=>"-03", "America/Costa_Rica"=>"CST", "America/Creston"=>"MST", "America/Cuiaba"=>"-04", "America/Curacao"=>"AST", "America/Danmarkshavn"=>"GMT", "America/Dawson"=>"MST", "America/Dawson_Creek"=>"MST", "America/Denver"=>"MST", "America/Detroit"=>"EST", "America/Dominica"=>"AST", "America/Edmonton"=>"MST", "America/Eirunepe"=>"-05", "America/El_Salvador"=>"CST", "America/Ensenada"=>"PST", "America/Fort_Nelson"=>"MST", "America/Fort_Wayne"=>"EST", "America/Fortaleza"=>"-03", "America/Glace_Bay"=>"AST", "America/Godthab"=>"-03", "America/Goose_Bay"=>"AST", "America/Grand_Turk"=>"EST", "America/Grenada"=>"AST", "America/Guadeloupe"=>"AST", "America/Guatemala"=>"CST", "America/Guayaquil"=>"-05", "America/Guyana"=>"-04", "America/Halifax"=>"AST", "America/Havana"=>"CST", "America/Hermosillo"=>"MST", "America/Indiana/Indianapolis"=>"EST", "America/Indiana/Knox"=>"CST", "America/Indiana/Marengo"=>"EST", "America/Indiana/Petersburg"=>"EST", "America/Indiana/Tell_City"=>"CST", "America/Indiana/Vevay"=>"EST", "America/Indiana/Vincennes"=>"EST", "America/Indiana/Winamac"=>"EST", "America/Indianapolis"=>"EST", "America/Inuvik"=>"MST", "America/Iqaluit"=>"EST", "America/Jamaica"=>"EST", "America/Jujuy"=>"-03", "America/Juneau"=>"AKST", "America/Kentucky/Louisville"=>"EST", "America/Kentucky/Monticello"=>"EST", "America/Knox_IN"=>"CST", "America/Kralendijk"=>"AST", "America/La_Paz"=>"-04", "America/Lima"=>"-05", "America/Los_Angeles"=>"PST", "America/Louisville"=>"EST", "America/Lower_Princes"=>"AST", "America/Maceio"=>"-03", "America/Managua"=>"CST", "America/Manaus"=>"-04", "America/Marigot"=>"AST", "America/Martinique"=>"AST", "America/Matamoros"=>"CST", "America/Mazatlan"=>"MST", "America/Mendoza"=>"-03", "America/Menominee"=>"CST", "America/Merida"=>"CST", "America/Metlakatla"=>"AKST", "America/Mexico_City"=>"CST", "America/Miquelon"=>"-03", "America/Moncton"=>"AST", "America/Monterrey"=>"CST", "America/Montevideo"=>"-03", "America/Montreal"=>"EST", "America/Montserrat"=>"AST", "America/Nassau"=>"EST", "America/New_York"=>"EST", "America/Nipigon"=>"EST", "America/Nome"=>"AKST", "America/Noronha"=>"-02", "America/North_Dakota/Beulah"=>"CST", "America/North_Dakota/Center"=>"CST", "America/North_Dakota/New_Salem"=>"CST", "America/Nuuk"=>"-03", "America/Ojinaga"=>"MST", "America/Panama"=>"EST", "America/Pangnirtung"=>"EST", "America/Paramaribo"=>"-03", "America/Phoenix"=>"MST", "America/Port-au-Prince"=>"EST", "America/Port_of_Spain"=>"AST", "America/Porto_Acre"=>"-05", "America/Porto_Velho"=>"-04", "America/Puerto_Rico"=>"AST", "America/Punta_Arenas"=>"-03", "America/Rainy_River"=>"CST", "America/Rankin_Inlet"=>"CST", "America/Recife"=>"-03", "America/Regina"=>"CST", "America/Resolute"=>"CST", "America/Rio_Branco"=>"-05", "America/Rosario"=>"-03", "America/Santa_Isabel"=>"PST", "America/Santarem"=>"-03", "America/Santiago"=>"-03", "America/Santo_Domingo"=>"AST", "America/Sao_Paulo"=>"-03", "America/Scoresbysund"=>"-01", "America/Shiprock"=>"MST", "America/Sitka"=>"AKST", "America/St_Barthelemy"=>"AST", "America/St_Johns"=>"NST", "America/St_Kitts"=>"AST", "America/St_Lucia"=>"AST", "America/St_Thomas"=>"AST", "America/St_Vincent"=>"AST", "America/Swift_Current"=>"CST", "America/Tegucigalpa"=>"CST", "America/Thule"=>"AST", "America/Thunder_Bay"=>"EST", "America/Tijuana"=>"PST", "America/Toronto"=>"EST", "America/Tortola"=>"AST", "America/Vancouver"=>"PST", "America/Virgin"=>"AST", "America/Whitehorse"=>"MST", "America/Winnipeg"=>"CST", "America/Yakutat"=>"AKST", "America/Yellowknife"=>"MST", "Antarctica/Casey"=>"+11", "Antarctica/Davis"=>"+07", "Antarctica/DumontDUrville"=>"+10", "Antarctica/Macquarie"=>"AEDT", "Antarctica/Mawson"=>"+05", "Antarctica/McMurdo"=>"NZDT", "Antarctica/Palmer"=>"-03", "Antarctica/Rothera"=>"-03", "Antarctica/South_Pole"=>"NZDT", "Antarctica/Syowa"=>"+03", "Antarctica/Troll"=>"+00", "Antarctica/Vostok"=>"+06", "Arctic/Longyearbyen"=>"CET", "Asia/Aden"=>"+03", "Asia/Almaty"=>"+06", "Asia/Amman"=>"EET", "Asia/Anadyr"=>"+12", "Asia/Aqtau"=>"+05", "Asia/Aqtobe"=>"+05", "Asia/Ashgabat"=>"+05", "Asia/Ashkhabad"=>"+05", "Asia/Atyrau"=>"+05", "Asia/Baghdad"=>"+03", "Asia/Bahrain"=>"+03", "Asia/Baku"=>"+04", "Asia/Bangkok"=>"+07", "Asia/Barnaul"=>"+07", "Asia/Beirut"=>"EET", "Asia/Bishkek"=>"+06", "Asia/Brunei"=>"+08", "Asia/Calcutta"=>"IST", "Asia/Chita"=>"+09", "Asia/Choibalsan"=>"+08", "Asia/Chongqing"=>"CST", "Asia/Chungking"=>"CST", "Asia/Colombo"=>"+0530", "Asia/Dacca"=>"+06", "Asia/Damascus"=>"EET", "Asia/Dhaka"=>"+06", "Asia/Dili"=>"+09", "Asia/Dubai"=>"+04", "Asia/Dushanbe"=>"+05", "Asia/Famagusta"=>"EET", "Asia/Gaza"=>"EET", "Asia/Harbin"=>"CST", "Asia/Hebron"=>"EET", "Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh"=>"+07", "Asia/Hong_Kong"=>"HKT", "Asia/Hovd"=>"+07", "Asia/Irkutsk"=>"+08", "Asia/Istanbul"=>"+03", "Asia/Jakarta"=>"WIB", "Asia/Jayapura"=>"WIT", "Asia/Jerusalem"=>"IST", "Asia/Kabul"=>"+0430", "Asia/Kamchatka"=>"+12", "Asia/Karachi"=>"PKT", "Asia/Kashgar"=>"+06", "Asia/Kathmandu"=>"+0545", "Asia/Katmandu"=>"+0545", "Asia/Khandyga"=>"+09", "Asia/Kolkata"=>"IST", "Asia/Krasnoyarsk"=>"+07", "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur"=>"+08", "Asia/Kuching"=>"+08", "Asia/Kuwait"=>"+03", "Asia/Macao"=>"CST", "Asia/Macau"=>"CST", "Asia/Magadan"=>"+11", "Asia/Makassar"=>"WITA", "Asia/Manila"=>"PST", "Asia/Muscat"=>"+04", "Asia/Nicosia"=>"EET", "Asia/Novokuznetsk"=>"+07", "Asia/Novosibirsk"=>"+07", "Asia/Omsk"=>"+06", "Asia/Oral"=>"+05", "Asia/Phnom_Penh"=>"+07", "Asia/Pontianak"=>"WIB", "Asia/Pyongyang"=>"KST", "Asia/Qatar"=>"+03", "Asia/Qostanay"=>"+06", "Asia/Qyzylorda"=>"+05", "Asia/Rangoon"=>"+0630", "Asia/Riyadh"=>"+03", "Asia/Saigon"=>"+07", "Asia/Sakhalin"=>"+11", "Asia/Samarkand"=>"+05", "Asia/Seoul"=>"KST", "Asia/Shanghai"=>"CST", "Asia/Singapore"=>"+08", "Asia/Srednekolymsk"=>"+11", "Asia/Taipei"=>"CST", "Asia/Tashkent"=>"+05", "Asia/Tbilisi"=>"+04", "Asia/Tehran"=>"+0330", "Asia/Tel_Aviv"=>"IST", "Asia/Thimbu"=>"+06", "Asia/Thimphu"=>"+06", "Asia/Tokyo"=>"JST", "Asia/Tomsk"=>"+07", "Asia/Ujung_Pandang"=>"WITA", "Asia/Ulaanbaatar"=>"+08", "Asia/Ulan_Bator"=>"+08", "Asia/Urumqi"=>"+06", "Asia/Ust-Nera"=>"+10", "Asia/Vientiane"=>"+07", "Asia/Vladivostok"=>"+10", "Asia/Yakutsk"=>"+09", "Asia/Yangon"=>"+0630", "Asia/Yekaterinburg"=>"+05", "Asia/Yerevan"=>"+04", "Atlantic/Azores"=>"-01", "Atlantic/Bermuda"=>"AST", "Atlantic/Canary"=>"WET", "Atlantic/Cape_Verde"=>"-01", "Atlantic/Faeroe"=>"WET", "Atlantic/Faroe"=>"WET", "Atlantic/Jan_Mayen"=>"CET", "Atlantic/Madeira"=>"WET", "Atlantic/Reykjavik"=>"GMT", "Atlantic/South_Georgia"=>"-02", "Atlantic/St_Helena"=>"GMT", "Atlantic/Stanley"=>"-03", "Australia/ACT"=>"AEDT", "Australia/Adelaide"=>"ACDT", "Australia/Brisbane"=>"AEST", "Australia/Broken_Hill"=>"ACDT", "Australia/Canberra"=>"AEDT", "Australia/Currie"=>"AEDT", "Australia/Darwin"=>"ACST", "Australia/Eucla"=>"+0845", "Australia/Hobart"=>"AEDT", "Australia/LHI"=>"+11", "Australia/Lindeman"=>"AEST", "Australia/Lord_Howe"=>"+11", "Australia/Melbourne"=>"AEDT", "Australia/NSW"=>"AEDT", "Australia/North"=>"ACST", "Australia/Perth"=>"AWST", "Australia/Queensland"=>"AEST", "Australia/South"=>"ACDT", "Australia/Sydney"=>"AEDT", "Australia/Tasmania"=>"AEDT", "Australia/Victoria"=>"AEDT", "Australia/West"=>"AWST", "Australia/Yancowinna"=>"ACDT", "Brazil/Acre"=>"-05", "Brazil/DeNoronha"=>"-02", "Brazil/East"=>"-03", "Brazil/West"=>"-04", "CET"=>"CET", "CST6CDT"=>"CST", "Canada/Atlantic"=>"AST", "Canada/Central"=>"CST", "Canada/Eastern"=>"EST", "Canada/Mountain"=>"MST", "Canada/Newfoundland"=>"NST", "Canada/Pacific"=>"PST", "Canada/Saskatchewan"=>"CST", "Canada/Yukon"=>"MST", "Chile/Continental"=>"-03", "Chile/EasterIsland"=>"-05", "Cuba"=>"CST", "EET"=>"EET", "EST"=>"EST", "EST5EDT"=>"EST", "Egypt"=>"EET", "Eire"=>"GMT", "Etc/GMT"=>"GMT", "Etc/GMT+0"=>"GMT", "Etc/GMT+1"=>"-01", "Etc/GMT+10"=>"-10", "Etc/GMT+11"=>"-11", "Etc/GMT+12"=>"-12", "Etc/GMT+2"=>"-02", "Etc/GMT+3"=>"-03", "Etc/GMT+4"=>"-04", "Etc/GMT+5"=>"-05", "Etc/GMT+6"=>"-06", "Etc/GMT+7"=>"-07", "Etc/GMT+8"=>"-08", "Etc/GMT+9"=>"-09", "Etc/GMT-0"=>"GMT", "Etc/GMT-1"=>"+01", "Etc/GMT-10"=>"+10", "Etc/GMT-11"=>"+11", "Etc/GMT-12"=>"+12", "Etc/GMT-13"=>"+13", "Etc/GMT-14"=>"+14", "Etc/GMT-2"=>"+02", "Etc/GMT-3"=>"+03", "Etc/GMT-4"=>"+04", "Etc/GMT-5"=>"+05", "Etc/GMT-6"=>"+06", "Etc/GMT-7"=>"+07", "Etc/GMT-8"=>"+08", "Etc/GMT-9"=>"+09", "Etc/GMT0"=>"GMT", "Etc/Greenwich"=>"GMT", "Etc/UCT"=>"UTC", "Etc/UTC"=>"UTC", "Etc/Universal"=>"UTC", "Etc/Zulu"=>"UTC", "Europe/Amsterdam"=>"CET", "Europe/Andorra"=>"CET", "Europe/Astrakhan"=>"+04", "Europe/Athens"=>"EET", "Europe/Belfast"=>"GMT", "Europe/Belgrade"=>"CET", "Europe/Berlin"=>"CET", "Europe/Bratislava"=>"CET", "Europe/Brussels"=>"CET", "Europe/Bucharest"=>"EET", "Europe/Budapest"=>"CET", "Europe/Busingen"=>"CET", "Europe/Chisinau"=>"EET", "Europe/Copenhagen"=>"CET", "Europe/Dublin"=>"GMT", "Europe/Gibraltar"=>"CET", "Europe/Guernsey"=>"GMT", "Europe/Helsinki"=>"EET", "Europe/Isle_of_Man"=>"GMT", "Europe/Istanbul"=>"+03", "Europe/Jersey"=>"GMT", "Europe/Kaliningrad"=>"EET", "Europe/Kiev"=>"EET", "Europe/Kirov"=>"+03", "Europe/Lisbon"=>"WET", "Europe/Ljubljana"=>"CET", "Europe/London"=>"GMT", "Europe/Luxembourg"=>"CET", "Europe/Madrid"=>"CET", "Europe/Malta"=>"CET", "Europe/Mariehamn"=>"EET", "Europe/Minsk"=>"+03", "Europe/Monaco"=>"CET", "Europe/Moscow"=>"MSK", "Europe/Nicosia"=>"EET", "Europe/Oslo"=>"CET", "Europe/Paris"=>"CET", "Europe/Podgorica"=>"CET", "Europe/Prague"=>"CET", "Europe/Riga"=>"EET", "Europe/Rome"=>"CET", "Europe/Samara"=>"+04", "Europe/San_Marino"=>"CET", "Europe/Sarajevo"=>"CET", "Europe/Saratov"=>"+04", "Europe/Simferopol"=>"MSK", "Europe/Skopje"=>"CET", "Europe/Sofia"=>"EET", "Europe/Stockholm"=>"CET", "Europe/Tallinn"=>"EET", "Europe/Tirane"=>"CET", "Europe/Tiraspol"=>"EET", "Europe/Ulyanovsk"=>"+04", "Europe/Uzhgorod"=>"EET", "Europe/Vaduz"=>"CET", "Europe/Vatican"=>"CET", "Europe/Vienna"=>"CET", "Europe/Vilnius"=>"EET", "Europe/Volgograd"=>"+04", "Europe/Warsaw"=>"CET", "Europe/Zagreb"=>"CET", "Europe/Zaporozhye"=>"EET", "Europe/Zurich"=>"CET", "Factory"=>"-00", "GB"=>"GMT", "GB-Eire"=>"GMT", "GMT"=>"GMT", "GMT+0"=>"GMT", "GMT-0"=>"GMT", "GMT0"=>"GMT", "Greenwich"=>"GMT", "HST"=>"HST", "Hongkong"=>"HKT", "Iceland"=>"GMT", "Indian/Antananarivo"=>"EAT", "Indian/Chagos"=>"+06", "Indian/Christmas"=>"+07", "Indian/Cocos"=>"+0630", "Indian/Comoro"=>"EAT", "Indian/Kerguelen"=>"+05", "Indian/Mahe"=>"+04", "Indian/Maldives"=>"+05", "Indian/Mauritius"=>"+04", "Indian/Mayotte"=>"EAT", "Indian/Reunion"=>"+04", "Iran"=>"+0330", "Israel"=>"IST", "Jamaica"=>"EST", "Japan"=>"JST", "Kwajalein"=>"+12", "Libya"=>"EET", "MET"=>"MET", "MST"=>"MST", "MST7MDT"=>"MST", "Mexico/BajaNorte"=>"PST", "Mexico/BajaSur"=>"MST", "Mexico/General"=>"CST", "NZ"=>"NZDT", "NZ-CHAT"=>"+1345", "Navajo"=>"MST", "PRC"=>"CST", "PST8PDT"=>"PST", "Pacific/Apia"=>"+14", "Pacific/Auckland"=>"NZDT", "Pacific/Bougainville"=>"+11", "Pacific/Chatham"=>"+1345", "Pacific/Chuuk"=>"+10", "Pacific/Easter"=>"-05", "Pacific/Efate"=>"+11", "Pacific/Enderbury"=>"+13", "Pacific/Fakaofo"=>"+13", "Pacific/Fiji"=>"+12", "Pacific/Funafuti"=>"+12", "Pacific/Galapagos"=>"-06", "Pacific/Gambier"=>"-09", "Pacific/Guadalcanal"=>"+11", "Pacific/Guam"=>"ChST", "Pacific/Honolulu"=>"HST", "Pacific/Johnston"=>"HST", "Pacific/Kiritimati"=>"+14", "Pacific/Kosrae"=>"+11", "Pacific/Kwajalein"=>"+12", "Pacific/Majuro"=>"+12", "Pacific/Marquesas"=>"-0930", "Pacific/Midway"=>"SST", "Pacific/Nauru"=>"+12", "Pacific/Niue"=>"-11", "Pacific/Norfolk"=>"+12", "Pacific/Noumea"=>"+11", "Pacific/Pago_Pago"=>"SST", "Pacific/Palau"=>"+09", "Pacific/Pitcairn"=>"-08", "Pacific/Pohnpei"=>"+11", "Pacific/Ponape"=>"+11", "Pacific/Port_Moresby"=>"+10", "Pacific/Rarotonga"=>"-10", "Pacific/Saipan"=>"ChST", "Pacific/Samoa"=>"SST", "Pacific/Tahiti"=>"-10", "Pacific/Tarawa"=>"+12", "Pacific/Tongatapu"=>"+13", "Pacific/Truk"=>"+10", "Pacific/Wake"=>"+12", "Pacific/Wallis"=>"+12", "Pacific/Yap"=>"+10", "Poland"=>"CET", "Portugal"=>"WET", "ROC"=>"CST", "ROK"=>"KST", "Singapore"=>"+08", "Turkey"=>"+03", "UCT"=>"UTC", "US/Alaska"=>"AKST", "US/Aleutian"=>"HST", "US/Arizona"=>"MST", "US/Central"=>"CST", "US/East-Indiana"=>"EST", "US/Eastern"=>"EST", "US/Hawaii"=>"HST", "US/Indiana-Starke"=>"CST", "US/Michigan"=>"EST", "US/Mountain"=>"MST", "US/Pacific"=>"PST", "US/Samoa"=>"SST", "UTC"=>"UTC", "Universal"=>"UTC", "W-SU"=>"MSK", "WET"=>"WET", "Zulu"=>"UTC"}
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9644786/how-to-translate-timezone-full-names-to-tz-abbreviations