C++11 regex matching capturing group multiple times

问题

Could someone please help me to extract the text between the : and the ^ symbols using a JavaScript (ECMAScript) regular expression in C++11. I do not need to capture the hw-descriptor itself - but it does have to be present in the line in order for the rest of the line to be considered for a match. Also the :p....^, :m....^ and :u....^ can arrive in any order and there has to be at least 1 present.

I tried using the following regular expression:

static const std::regex gRegex("(?:hw-descriptor)(:[pmu](.*?)\\^)+", std::regex::icase);

against the following text line:

"hw-descriptor:pTEXT1^:mTEXT2^:uTEXT3^"

Here is the code which posted on a live coliru. It shows how I attempted to solve this problem, however I am only getting 1 match. I need to see how to extract each of the potential 3 matches corresponding to the p m or u characters described earlier.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <regex>

int main()
{
    static const std::regex gRegex("(?:hw-descriptor)(:[pmu](.*?)\\^)+", std::regex::icase);
    std::string foo = "hw-descriptor:pTEXT1^:mTEXT2^:uTEXT3^";
    // I seem to only get 1 match here, I was expecting 
    // to loop through each of the matches, looks like I need something like 
    // a pcre global option but I don't know how.
    std::for_each(std::sregex_iterator(foo.cbegin(), foo.cend(), gRegex), std::sregex_iterator(), 
        [&](const auto& rMatch) {
            for (int i=0; i< static_cast<int>(rMatch.size()); ++i) {
                std::cout << rMatch[i] << std::endl;
            }
        });
}

The above program gives the following output:

g++ -std=c++14 -O2 -Wall -pedantic -pthread main.cpp && ./a.out
hw-descriptor:pTEXT1^:mTEXT2^:uTEXT3^
:uTEXT3^
TEXT3

回答1:

With std::regex, you cannot keep mutliple repeated captures when matching a certain string with consecutive repeated patterns.

What you may do is to match the overall texts containing the prefix and the repeated chunks, capture the latter into a separate group, and then use a second smaller regex to grab all the occurrences of the substrings you want separately.

The first regex here may be

hw-descriptor((?::[pmu][^^]*\\^)+)

See the online demo. It will match hw-descriptor and ((?::[pmu][^^]*\\^)+) will capture into Group 1 one or more repetitions of :[pmu][^^]*\^ pattern: :, p/m/u, 0 or more chars other than ^ and then ^. Upon finding a match, use :[pmu][^^]*\^ regex to return all the real "matches".

C++ demo:

static const std::regex gRegex("hw-descriptor((?::[pmu][^^]*\\^)+)", std::regex::icase);
static const std::regex lRegex(":[pmu][^^]*\\^", std::regex::icase);
std::string foo = "hw-descriptor:pTEXT1^:mTEXT2^:uTEXT3^ hw-descriptor:pTEXT8^:mTEXT8^:uTEXT83^";
std::smatch smtch;
for(std::sregex_iterator i = std::sregex_iterator(foo.begin(), foo.end(), gRegex);
                         i != std::sregex_iterator();
                         ++i)
{
    std::smatch m = *i;
    std::cout << "Match value: " << m.str() << std::endl;
    std::string x = m.str(1);
    for(std::sregex_iterator j = std::sregex_iterator(x.begin(), x.end(), lRegex);
                         j != std::sregex_iterator();
                         ++j)
    {
        std::cout << "Element value: " << (*j).str() << std::endl;
    }
}

Output:

Match value: hw-descriptor:pTEXT1^:mTEXT2^:uTEXT3^
Element value: :pTEXT1^
Element value: :mTEXT2^
Element value: :uTEXT3^
Match value: hw-descriptor:pTEXT8^:mTEXT8^:uTEXT83^
Element value: :pTEXT8^
Element value: :mTEXT8^
Element value: :uTEXT83^

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39399371/c11-regex-matching-capturing-group-multiple-times