最新需要使用硬盘做一些测试，需要使用到hdparm工具，并进行了解，并进行简要记录；
hdparm、dd、fio、都是很好的硬盘测试软件；通常使用其对硬盘信息做基本了解；
关闭硬盘写Cache用例：
hdparm -W /dev/sdh # 查看写缓存状态；
hdparm -W 0 /dev/sdh # 关闭Cache,保证数据强一致性；放置断电时数据未落盘；
hdparm -W 1 /dev/sdh # 打开测试磁盘和磁盘缓存读取速度：
查看磁盘信息：
fdisk -l /dev/sdh
hdparm /dev/sdh
评估磁盘读取速度：
hdparm -t /dev/sdh
评估磁盘缓存读取速度：
hdparm -T /dev/sdh
直接测试硬盘的读性能(绕过内核页缓存)：
hdparm -tT --direct /dev/sdh
顺序写测试：
time -p bash -c "dd if=/dev/urandom of=./dd.log bs=1M count=50000"
随机写测试(使用direct标识，绕过页缓存)：
fio -filename=randw-singlethread -fallocate=none -direct=1 -iodepth 1 -thread -rw=randwrite -ioengine=libaio -bs=32k -size=1000M -runtime=30s -numjobs=1 -name=hdparm-randwsinglethread
命令使用方法说明：
hdparm -h
hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.43, by Mark Lord.
Usage: hdparm [options] [device ...]
Options:
-a Get/set fs readahead
-A Get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1)
-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
-c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
-C Check drive power mode status
-d Get/set using_dma flag
-D Enable/disable drive defect management
-E Set cd/dvd drive speed
-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit
-F Flush drive write cache
-g Display drive geometry
-h Display terse usage information
-H Read temperature from drive (Hitachi only)
-i Display drive identification
-I Detailed/current information directly from drive
-J Get/set Western DIgital "Idle3" timeout for a WDC "Green" drive (DANGEROUS)
-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
-m Get/set multiple sector count
-M Get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast)
-n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
-N Get/set max visible number of sectors (HPA) (VERY DANGEROUS)
-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
-P Set drive prefetch count
-q Change next setting quietly
-Q Get/set DMA queue_depth (if supported)
-r Get/set device readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
-R Get/set device write-read-verify flag
-s Set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
-S Set standby (spindown) timeout
-t Perform device read timings
-T Perform cache read timings
-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
-U Obsolete
-v Use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for IDE drives
-V Display program version and exit immediately
-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
-W Get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1)
-x Obsolete
-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
-y Put drive in standby mode
-Y Put drive to sleep
-z Re-read partition table
-Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
--dco-freeze Freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle
--dco-identify Read/dump device configuration identify data
--dco-restore Reset device configuration back to factory defaults
--direct Use O_DIRECT to bypass page cache for timings
--drq-hsm-error Crash system with a "stuck DRQ" error (VERY DANGEROUS)
--fallocate Create a file without writing data to disk
--fibmap Show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file
--fwdownload Download firmware file to drive (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--fwdownload-mode3 Download firmware using min-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--fwdownload-mode3-max Download firmware using max-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--fwdownload-mode7 Download firmware using a single segment (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS)
--idle-immediate Idle drive immediately
--idle-unload Idle immediately and unload heads
--Istdin Read identify data from stdin as ASCII hex
--Istdout Write identify data to stdout as ASCII hex
--make-bad-sector Deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS)
--offset use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in GiB) from start of drive
--prefer-ata12 Use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) SAT commands when possible
--read-sector Read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media
--repair-sector Alias for the --write-sector option (VERY DANGEROUS)
--security-help Display help for ATA security commands
--trim-sector-ranges Tell SSD firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count ..
--trim-sector-ranges-stdin Same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin
--verbose Display extra diagnostics from some commands
--write-sector Repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS)保持更新，更多内容请关注cnblogs.com/xuyaowen;
相关参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/xuyaowen/p/fio-usage.html
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4261184/blog/4255317