前言
Android SDK 提供了两套音频采集的API,分别是:MediaRecorder 和 AudioRecord,前者是一个更加上层一点的API,它可以直接把手机麦克风录入的音频数据进行编码压缩(如AMR、MP3等)并存成文件,而后者则更接近底层,能够更加自由灵活地控制,可以得到原始的一帧帧PCM音频数据。
实现流程
- 获取权限
- 初始化获取每一帧流的Size
- 初始化音频录制AudioRecord
- 开始录制与保存录制音频文件
- 停止录制
- 给音频文件添加头部信息,并且转换格式成wav
- 释放AudioRecord,录制流程完毕
获取权限
<!--音频录制权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
<!--读取和写入存储权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
如果是Android5.0以上,以上3个权限需要动态授权
初始化获取每一帧流的Size
private Integer mRecordBufferSize;
private void initMinBufferSize(){
//获取每一帧的字节流大小
mRecordBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(8000
, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO
, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
}
第一个参数sampleRateInHz 采样率(赫兹),方法注释里有说明
只能在4000到192000的范围内取值
在AudioFormat类里
public static final int SAMPLE_RATE_HZ_MIN = 4000; 最小4000
public static final int SAMPLE_RATE_HZ_MAX = 192000; 最大192000
第二个参数channelConfig 声道配置 描述音频声道的配置,例如左声道/右声道/前声道/后声道。
在AudioFormat类录
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_LEFT = 0x4;//左声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT = 0x8;//右声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_FRONT = 0x10;//前声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_BACK = 0x20;//后声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_LEFT_PROCESSED = 0x40;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT_PROCESSED = 0x80;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_FRONT_PROCESSED = 0x100;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_BACK_PROCESSED = 0x200;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_PRESSURE = 0x400;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_X_AXIS = 0x800;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_Y_AXIS = 0x1000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_Z_AXIS = 0x2000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_VOICE_UPLINK = 0x4000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_VOICE_DNLINK = 0x8000;
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_MONO = CHANNEL_IN_FRONT;//单声道
public static final int CHANNEL_IN_STEREO = (CHANNEL_IN_LEFT | CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT);//立体声道(左右声道)
第三个参数audioFormat 音频格式 表示音频数据的格式。
注意!一般的手机设备可能只支持 16位PCM编码,如果其他的都会报错为坏值.
public static final int ENCODING_PCM_16BIT = 2; //16位PCM编码
public static final int ENCODING_PCM_8BIT = 3; //8位PCM编码
public static final int ENCODING_PCM_FLOAT = 4; //4位PCM编码
public static final int ENCODING_AC3 = 5;
public static final int ENCODING_E_AC3 = 6;
public static final int ENCODING_DTS = 7;
public static final int ENCODING_DTS_HD = 8;
public static final int ENCODING_MP3 = 9; //MP3编码 此格式可能会因为不设备不支持报错
public static final int ENCODING_AAC_LC = 10;
public static final int ENCODING_AAC_HE_V1 = 11;
public static final int ENCODING_AAC_HE_V2 = 12;
初始化音频录制AudioRecord
private AudioRecord mAudioRecord;
private void initAudioRecord(){
mAudioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC
, 8000
, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO
, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT
, mRecordBufferSize);
}
- 第一个参数audioSource 音频源 这里选择使用麦克风:MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC
- 第二个参数sampleRateInHz 采样率(赫兹) 与前面初始化获取每一帧流的Size保持一致
- 第三个参数channelConfig 声道配置 描述音频声道的配置,例如左声道/右声道/前声道/后声道。 与前面初始化获取每一帧流的Size保持一致
- 第四个参数audioFormat 音频格式 表示音频数据的格式。 与前面初始化获取每一帧流的Size保持一致
- 第五个参数缓存区大小,就是上面我们配置的AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize
开始录制与保存录制音频文件
private boolean mWhetherRecord;
private File pcmFile;
private void startRecord(){
pcmFile = new File(AudioRecordActivity.this.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(),"audioRecord.pcm");
mWhetherRecord = true;
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
mAudioRecord.startRecording();//开始录制
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(pcmFile);
byte[] bytes = new byte[mRecordBufferSize];
while (mWhetherRecord){
mAudioRecord.read(bytes, 0, bytes.length);//读取流
fileOutputStream.write(bytes);
fileOutputStream.flush();
}
Log.e(TAG, "run: 暂停录制" );
mAudioRecord.stop();//停止录制
fileOutputStream.flush();
fileOutputStream.close();
addHeadData();//添加音频头部信息并且转成wav格式
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
mAudioRecord.stop();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
这里说明一下为什么用布尔值,来关闭录制.有些小伙伴会发现AudioRecord是可以获取到录制状态的.那么肯定有人会用状态来判断while是否还需要处理流.这种是错误的做法.因为MIC属于硬件层任何硬件的东西都是异步的而且会有很大的延时.所以回调的状态也是有延时的,有时候流没了,但是状态还是显示为正在录制.
停止录制
就是调用mAudioRecord.stop();方法来停止录制,但是因为我在上面的保存流后做了调用停止视频录制,所以我这里只需要切换布尔值就可以关闭音频录制
private void stopRecord(){
mWhetherRecord = false;
}
给音频文件添加头部信息,并且转换格式成wav
音频录制完成后,这个时候去存储目录找到音频文件部分,会提示无法播放文件.其实是因为没有加入音频头部信息.一般通过麦克风采集的录音数据都是PCM格式的,即不包含头部信息,播放器无法知道音频采样率、位宽等参数,导致无法播放,显然是非常不方便的。pcm转换成wav,我们只需要在pcm的文件起始位置加上至少44个字节的WAV头信息即可。
private void addHeadData(){
pcmFile = new File(AudioRecordActivity.this.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(),"audioRecord.pcm");
handlerWavFile = new File(AudioRecordActivity.this.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(),"audioRecord_handler.wav");
PcmToWavUtil pcmToWavUtil = new PcmToWavUtil(8000,AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
pcmToWavUtil.pcmToWav(pcmFile.toString(),handlerWavFile.toString());
}
写入头部信息的工具类
注意输入File和输出File不能同一个,因为没有做缓存.
public class PcmToWavUtil {
private static final String TAG = "PcmToWavUtil";
/**
* 缓存的音频大小
*/
private int mBufferSize;
/**
* 采样率
*/
private int mSampleRate;
/**
* 声道数
*/
private int mChannel;
/**
* @param sampleRate sample rate、采样率
* @param channel channel、声道
* @param encoding Audio data format、音频格式
*/
PcmToWavUtil(int sampleRate, int channel, int encoding) {
this.mSampleRate = sampleRate;
this.mChannel = channel;
this.mBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(mSampleRate, mChannel, encoding);
}
/**
* pcm文件转wav文件
*
* @param inFilename 源文件路径
* @param outFilename 目标文件路径
*/
public void pcmToWav(String inFilename, String outFilename) {
FileInputStream in;
FileOutputStream out;
long totalAudioLen;//总录音长度
long totalDataLen;//总数据长度
long longSampleRate = mSampleRate;
int channels = mChannel == AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO ? 1 : 2;
long byteRate = 16 * mSampleRate * channels / 8;
byte[] data = new byte[mBufferSize];
try {
in = new FileInputStream(inFilename);
out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename);
totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size();
totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36;
writeWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen,
longSampleRate, channels, byteRate);
while (in.read(data) != -1) {
out.write(data);
out.flush();
}
Log.e(TAG, "pcmToWav: 停止处理");
in.close();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 加入wav文件头
*/
private void writeWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen,
long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate)
throws IOException {
byte[] header = new byte[44];
// RIFF/WAVE header
header[0] = 'R';
header[1] = 'I';
header[2] = 'F';
header[3] = 'F';
header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff);
header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff);
header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff);
header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff);
//WAVE
header[8] = 'W';
header[9] = 'A';
header[10] = 'V';
header[11] = 'E';
// 'fmt ' chunk
header[12] = 'f';
header[13] = 'm';
header[14] = 't';
header[15] = ' ';
// 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk
header[16] = 16;
header[17] = 0;
header[18] = 0;
header[19] = 0;
// format = 1
header[20] = 1;
header[21] = 0;
header[22] = (byte) channels;
header[23] = 0;
header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff);
header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff);
header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff);
header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff);
header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff);
header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff);
header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff);
header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff);
// block align
header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8);
header[33] = 0;
// bits per sample
header[34] = 16;
header[35] = 0;
//data
header[36] = 'd';
header[37] = 'a';
header[38] = 't';
header[39] = 'a';
header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff);
header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff);
header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff);
header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff);
out.write(header, 0, 44);
}
}
释放AudioRecord,录制流程完毕
调用release()方法释放资源
mAudioRecord.release();
最后你就可以在指定目录下找到音频文件播放了
最后介绍下其他API
获取AudioRecord初始化状态
public int getState() {
return mState;
}
注意!这里是初始化状态,不是录制状态,它只会返回2个状态
- AudioRecord#STATE_INITIALIZED //已经初始化
- AudioRecord#STATE_UNINITIALIZED //没有初始化
获取AudioRecord录制状态
public int getRecordingState() {
synchronized (mRecordingStateLock) {
return mRecordingState;
}
}
返回录制状态,它只返回2个状态
- AudioRecord#RECORDSTATE_STOPPED //停止录制
- AudioRecord#RECORDSTATE_RECORDING //正在录制
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/4275665/blog/4259491