一 引用基本概念
如下面,定义两个变量num,str,存储模型大致如下图:
int num = 6;
String str = “浪尖聊大数据”;
变量num值直接从6修改为了8;变量str只是修改了其保存的地址,从0x88修改为0x86,对象 “浪尖聊大数据 ”本身还在内存中,并没有被修改。只是内存中新增了对象 “浪尖是帅哥”。
二 值传递&引用传递
举例说明引用传递和值传递:
第一个栗子:基本类型
void foo(int value) {
value = 88;
}
foo(num); // num 没有被改变
第二个栗子:没有提供改变自身方法的引用类型
void foo(String text) {
text = "mac";
}
foo(str); // str 也没有被改变
第三个栗子:提供了改变自身方法的引用类型
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("vivo");
void foo(StringBuilder builder) {
builder.append("5");
}
foo(sb); // sb 被改变了,变成了"vivo5"。
第四个栗子:提供了改变自身方法的引用类型,但是不使用,而是使用赋值运算符。
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("oppo");
void foo(StringBuilder builder) {
builder = new StringBuilder("vivo");
}
foo(sb); // sb 没有被改变,还是 "oppo"。
三 引用的类型
单纯的申明一个软引用,指向一个person对象
1 SoftReference pSoftReference=new SoftReference(new Person(“张三”,12));
声明一个引用队列
ReferenceQueue<Person> queue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
声明一个person对象,李四,obj是其强引用
Person obj = new Person(“李四”,13);
使软引用softRef指向李四对应的对象,并且将该软引用关联到引用队列
2 SoftReference softRef = new SoftReference<Object>(obj,queue);
声明一个person对象,名叫王酒,并保证其仅含软引用,且将软引用关联到引用队列queue
3 SoftReference softRef = new SoftReference<Object>(new Person(“王酒”,15),queue);
使用很简单softRef.get即可获取对应的value。
WeakReference<Person> weakReference = new WeakReference<>(new Person(“浪尖”,18));
声明一个引用队列
ReferenceQueue<Person> queue = new ReferenceQueue<>();
声明一个person对象,李四,obj是其强引用
Person obj = new Person(“李四”,13);
声明一个弱引用,指向强引用obj所指向的对象,同时该引用绑定到引用队列queue。
WeakReference weakRef = new WeakReference<Object>(obj,queue);
使用弱引用也很简单,weakRef.get
声明引用队列
ReferenceQueue queue = new ReferenceQueue();
声明一个虚引用
PhantomReference<Person> reference = new PhantomReference<Person>(new Person(“浪尖”,18), queue);
获取虚引用的值,直接为null,因为无法通过虚引用获取引用对象。
System.out.println(reference.get());
四 Threadlocal如何使用弱引用
五 spark如何使用弱引用进行数据清理
shuffle相关的引用,实际上是在ShuffleDependency内部实现了,shuffle状态注册到ContextCleaner过程:
_rdd.sparkContext.cleaner.foreach(_.registerShuffleForCleanup(this))
然后,我们翻开registerShuffleForCleanup函数源码可以看到,注释的大致意思是注册ShuffleDependency目的是在垃圾回收的时候清除掉它对应的数据:
/** Register a ShuffleDependency for cleanup when it is garbage collected. */ def registerShuffleForCleanup(shuffleDependency: ShuffleDependency[_, _, _]): Unit = { registerForCleanup(shuffleDependency, CleanShuffle(shuffleDependency.shuffleId)) }
其中,registerForCleanup函数如下:
/** Register an object for cleanup. */ private def registerForCleanup(objectForCleanup: AnyRef, task: CleanupTask): Unit = { referenceBuffer.add(new CleanupTaskWeakReference(task, objectForCleanup, referenceQueue)) }
referenceBuffer主要作用保存CleanupTaskWeakReference弱引用,确保在引用队列没处理前,弱引用不会被垃圾回收。
/** * A buffer to ensure that `CleanupTaskWeakReference`s are not garbage collected as long as they * have not been handled by the reference queue. */ private val referenceBuffer = Collections.newSetFromMap[CleanupTaskWeakReference](new ConcurrentHashMap)
ContextCleaner内部有一个线程,循环从引用队列里取被垃圾回收的RDD等相关弱引用,然后完成对应的数据清除工作。
private val cleaningThread = new Thread() { override def run(): Unit = keepCleaning() }
其中,keepCleaning函数,如下:
/** Keep cleaning RDD, shuffle, and broadcast state. */ private def keepCleaning(): Unit = Utils.tryOrStopSparkContext(sc) { while (!stopped) { try { val reference = Option(referenceQueue.remove(ContextCleaner.REF_QUEUE_POLL_TIMEOUT)) .map(_.asInstanceOf[CleanupTaskWeakReference]) // Synchronize here to avoid being interrupted on stop() synchronized { reference.foreach { ref => logDebug("Got cleaning task " + ref.task) referenceBuffer.remove(ref) ref.task match { case CleanRDD(rddId) => doCleanupRDD(rddId, blocking = blockOnCleanupTasks) case CleanShuffle(shuffleId) => doCleanupShuffle(shuffleId, blocking = blockOnShuffleCleanupTasks) case CleanBroadcast(broadcastId) => doCleanupBroadcast(broadcastId, blocking = blockOnCleanupTasks) case CleanAccum(accId) => doCleanupAccum(accId, blocking = blockOnCleanupTasks) case CleanCheckpoint(rddId) => doCleanCheckpoint(rddId) } } } } catch { case ie: InterruptedException if stopped => // ignore case e: Exception => logError("Error in cleaning thread", e) } } }
shuffle数据清除的函数是doCleanupShuffle,具体内容如下:
/** Perform shuffle cleanup. */ def doCleanupShuffle(shuffleId: Int, blocking: Boolean): Unit = { try { logDebug("Cleaning shuffle " + shuffleId) mapOutputTrackerMaster.unregisterShuffle(shuffleId) shuffleDriverComponents.removeShuffle(shuffleId, blocking) listeners.asScala.foreach(_.shuffleCleaned(shuffleId)) logDebug("Cleaned shuffle " + shuffleId) } catch { case e: Exception => logError("Error cleaning shuffle " + shuffleId, e) } }
细节就不细展开了。
ContextCleaner的start函数被调用后,实际上启动了一个调度线程,每隔30min主动调用了一次System.gc(),来触发垃圾回收。
/** Start the cleaner. */ def start(): Unit = { cleaningThread.setDaemon(true) cleaningThread.setName("Spark Context Cleaner") cleaningThread.start() periodicGCService.scheduleAtFixedRate(() => System.gc(), periodicGCInterval, periodicGCInterval, TimeUnit.SECONDS) }
具体参数是:
spark.cleaner.periodicGC.interval
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来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/4355739/blog/4715540