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一、简介
1、了解Docker的前生LXC
2、LXC与docker什么关系?
3、什么是docker
4、docker官方文档
5、为什么docker越来越受欢迎
容器化越来越受欢迎,因为容器是:
灵活:即使是最复杂的应用也可以集装箱化。
轻量级:容器利用并共享主机内核。
可互换:您可以即时部署更新和升级。
便携式:您可以在本地构建,部署到云,并在任何地方运行。
可扩展:您可以增加并自动分发容器副本。
可堆叠:您可以垂直和即时堆叠服务。
镜像和容器(contalners)
容器和虚拟机
6、docker版本
7、docker和openstack的几项对比
8、容器在内核中支持2种重要技术
cgroup的api以一个伪文件系统的实现方式,用户的程序可以通过文件系统实现cgroup的组件管理
cgroup的组件管理操作单元可以细粒度到线程级别,另外用户可以创建和销毁cgroup,从而实现资源载分配和再利用
所有资源管理的功能都以子系统的方式实现,接口统一子任务创建之初与其父任务处于同一个cgroup的控制组
资源限制:可以对任务使用的资源总额进行限制
优先级分配:通过分配的cpu时间片数量以及磁盘IO带宽大小,实际上相当于控制了任务运行优先级
资源统计:可以统计系统的资源使用量,如cpu时长,内存用量等
任务控制:cgroup可以对任务执行挂起、恢复等操作
9、了解docker三个重要概念
10、docker的主要用途
发布服务不用担心服务器的运行环境,所有的服务器都是自动分配docker,自动部署,自动安装,自动运行
再不用担心其他服务引擎的磁盘问题,cpu问题,系统问题了
资源利用更出色
自动迁移,可以制作镜像,迁移使用自定义的镜像即可迁移,不会出现什么问题
管理更加方便了
11、docker改变了什么
面向产品:产品交付
面向开发:简化环境配置
面向测试:多版本测试
面向运维:环境一致性
面向架构:自动化扩容(微服务)
二、docker架构
1、总体架构
distribution 负责与docker registry交互,上传洗澡镜像以及v2 registry 有关的源数据
registry负责docker registry有关的身份认证、镜像查找、镜像验证以及管理registry mirror等交互操作
image 负责与镜像源数据有关的存储、查找,镜像层的索引、查找以及镜像tar包有关的导入、导出操作
reference负责存储本地所有镜像的repository和tag名,并维护与镜像id之间的映射关系
layer模块负责与镜像层和容器层源数据有关的增删改查,并负责将镜像层的增删改查映射到实际存储镜像层文件的graphdriver模块
graghdriver是所有与容器镜像相关操作的执行者
2、docker架构2
3、docker架构3
三、docker架构2各个模块的功能(带完善)
1、docker client
2、docker daemon
3、docker server
4、engine
5、job
6、docker registry
7、Graph
9、libcontainer
10、docker container
用户通过指定容器镜像,使得Docker容器可以自定义rootfs等文件系统;
用户通过指定计算资源的配额,使得Docker容器使用指定的计算资源;
用户通过配置网络及其安全策略,使得Docker容器拥有独立且安全的网络环境;
用户通过指定运行的命令,使得Docker容器执行指定的工作。
四、docker简单使用
1、安装
yum install docker -y
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[root@web1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=http://docs.docker.com
After=network.target
Wants=docker-storage-setup.service
Requires=docker-cleanup.timer
[Service]
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=main
EnvironmentFile=-/run/containers/registries.conf
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
Environment=GOTRACEBACK=crash
Environment=DOCKER_HTTP_HOST_COMPAT=1
Environment=PATH=/usr/libexec/docker:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current --registry-mirror=https://rfcod7oz.mirror.aliyuncs.com \ #这个值可以登陆阿里云账号请参考下图
--add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current \
--default-runtime=docker-runc \
--exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd \
--userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current \
--init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current \
--seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json \
$OPTIONS \
$DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS \
$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS \
$ADD_REGISTRY \
$BLOCK_REGISTRY \
$INSECURE_REGISTRY \
$REGISTRIES
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=1048576
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Restart=on-abnormal
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@web1 ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: b2f74b2/1.13.1
Built: Wed May 1 14:55:20 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-96.gitb2f74b2.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.10.3
Git commit: b2f74b2/1.13.1
Built: Wed May 1 14:55:20 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
docker pull alpine #下载镜像
docker search nginx #查看镜像
docker pull nginx
4、查看已经下载的镜像
[root@web1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zxg/my_nginx v1 b164f4c07c64 8 days ago 126 MB
zxg/my_nginx latest f07837869dfc 8 days ago 126 MB
docker.io/nginx latest e445ab08b2be 2 weeks ago 126 MB
docker.io/alpine latest b7b28af77ffe 3 weeks ago 5.58 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 4 months ago 202 MB
5、导出镜像
docker save nginx >/tmp/nginx.tar.gz
6、删除镜像
docker rmi -f nginx
7、导入镜像
docker load </tmp/nginx.tar.gz
8、默认配置文件
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=http://docs.docker.com
After=network.target
Wants=docker-storage-setup.service
Requires=docker-cleanup.timer
[Service]
Type=notify
NotifyAccess=main
EnvironmentFile=-/run/containers/registries.conf
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-storage
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/docker-network
Environment=GOTRACEBACK=crash
Environment=DOCKER_HTTP_HOST_COMPAT=1
Environment=PATH=/usr/libexec/docker:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd-current --registry-mirror=https://rfcod7oz.mirror.aliyuncs.com \
--add-runtime docker-runc=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-runc-current \
--default-runtime=docker-runc \
--exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=systemd \
--userland-proxy-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-proxy-current \
--init-path=/usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current \
--seccomp-profile=/etc/docker/seccomp.json \
$OPTIONS \
$DOCKER_STORAGE_OPTIONS \
$DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS \
$ADD_REGISTRY \
$BLOCK_REGISTRY \
$INSECURE_REGISTRY \
$REGISTRIES
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=1048576
LimitNPROC=1048576
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Restart=on-abnormal
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
--graph=/opt/docker
--dns=xxxx的方式指定
9、运行hello world
[root overlay2]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
zxg/my_nginx v1 b164f4c07c64 8 days ago 126 MB
zxg/my_nginx latest f07837869dfc 8 days ago 126 MB
docker.io/nginx latest e445ab08b2be 2 weeks ago 126 MB
docker.io/alpine latest b7b28af77ffe 3 weeks ago 5.58 MB
docker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 4 months ago 02 MB
[root"hello world" overlay2]# docker run centos echo
hello world
10、运行一个容器-run
[ ]
/
bin etc lib mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home media opt root sbin sys usr
/
/tmp
[ ]
ac46c019b800d34c37d4f9dcd56c974cb82eca3acf185e5f8f80c8a60075e343
[ ]
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds test1
[root@web1 overlay2]# docker run -it --rm --name centos nginx
^C[root@web1 overlay2]#
##另开一个窗口
[root@web1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3397b96ea7bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 27 seconds ago Up 25 seconds 80/tcp centos
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes test1
[root@web1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes test1
11、如何进入容器
[ ]
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9fc796e928d7 nginx "sh" 2 minutes ago Up 8 seconds 80/tcp mynginx
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes test1
[ ]
#
# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# exit
[ ]
You cannot attach to a stopped container, start it first
[ ]
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes test1
[ ]
[ ]
# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# exit
[ ]
docker: 'pa' is not a docker command.
See 'docker --help'
[ ]
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6fc2d091cfe9 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 45 seconds ago Up 43 seconds 80/tcp mynginx
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes test1
12、查看docker进程及删除容器
[ ]
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9fc796e928d7 nginx "sh" 2 minutes ago Up 8 seconds 80/tcp mynginx
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes test1
[root@web1 overlay2]# docker ps -a #-a :显示所有的容器,包括未运行的
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9fc796e928d7 nginx "sh" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago mynginx
ac46c019b800 alpine "/bin/sh" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes test1
3bf234febeaa alpine "sh" 17 minutes ago Exited (0) 16 minutes ago youthful_lumiere
ab113c63f0b4 centos "echo 'hello world'" 31 minutes ago Exited (0) 31 minutes ago infallible_torvalds
b326027dcf42 zxg/my_nginx "nginx" 8 days ago Exited (0) 8 days ago my_nginx
4f1f1ca319f2 centos "bash" 8 days ago Exited (137) 8 days ago musing_lichterman
64b4e32991c7 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 12 days ago Exited (0) 12 days ago mynginx1
aee506fe7b5a alpine "sh" 12 days ago Created infallible_haibt
70620c73b9a0 alpine "sh" 12 days ago Created gallant_volhard
7655cbf87bb0 alpine "sh" 12 days ago Created agitated_brahmagupta
33fb949372e8 fce289e99eb9 "/hello" 12 days ago Created elastic_dijkstra
9de47616aea4 fce289e99eb9 "/hello" 13 days ago Created confident_fermi
[root@web1 overlay2]# docker rm 9fc796e928d7 #rm时删除一个或多个容器
9fc796e928d7
13、查看容器详细信息
[root@web1 overlay2]# docker inspect mynginx
[
{
"Id": "6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010",
"Created": "2019-08-07T08:57:48.864538933Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 119948,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2019-08-07T08:57:49.417992182Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:e445ab08b2be8b178655b714f89e5db9504f67defd5c7408a00bade679a50d44",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6fc2d091cfe9b0484da3e70db842446bbdfeb7f5e5409c2e40ae21b99498d010/hosts",
"LogPath": "",
"Name": "/mynginx",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "journald",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "docker-runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": -1,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Name": "overlay2",
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d8e95505fc3894eb30b48e4b0f48ab5e89d99c09a07c79c0b057c611621e31eb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b2a6a25974bf17398b698a27208711574be3c69a2cd06658bbe838359f373a27/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d4610bc89b3ba8ad6ab30ea895fc3a06efff15db493d86ac9bc100e04abbab67/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/937140af0aee6c43f04c2d7b72e6b5451a44fef921417e8236d9fe01e9286c7a/work"
}
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "6fc2d091cfe9",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.17.2",
"NJS_VERSION=0.3.3",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~buster"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "3ece36008fbc5f3f46d3d251cf803c1478cc14032d74a36747e4ed8a115b81df",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3ece36008fbc",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "898de81d97d54d2b60aeb6cc77ef1b4f9b481d1b72f542faa496494594024eac",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", #看到ip地址
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "2edae9131e77500a56d251b94ab2cdf0bc86f8df9f2453fa46bf4bab2f7be99f",
"EndpointID": "898de81d97d54d2b60aeb6cc77ef1b4f9b481d1b72f542faa496494594024eac",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03"
}
}
}
}
]
[root@web1 overlay2]# curl 172.17.0.1 #访问一下
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
body {
background-color: #fff;
color: #000;
font-size: 0.9em;
font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
:link {
color: #c00;
}
:visited {
color: #c00;
}
a:hover {
color: #f50;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;
background-color: #294172;
color: #fff;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 1.75em;
border-bottom: 2px solid #000;
}
h1 strong {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.5em;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
background-color: #3C6EB4;
font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: bold;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.5em;
border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;
}
hr {
display: none;
}
.content {
padding: 1em 5em;
}
.alert {
border: 2px solid #000;
}
img {
border: 2px solid #fff;
padding: 2px;
margin: 2px;
}
a:hover img {
border: 2px solid #294172;
}
.logos {
margin: 1em;
text-align: center;
}
/*]]>*/
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>
<div class="content">
<p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the
<strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been
installed. If you can read this page, it means that the
web server installed at this site is working
properly.</p>
<div class="alert">
<h2>Website Administrator</h2>
<div class="content">
<p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that
is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on
Fedora. It is located in
<tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>
<p>You should now put your content in a location of
your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration
directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>
configuration file
<tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="logos">
<a href="http://nginx.net/"><img
src="nginx-logo.png"
alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"
width="121" height="32" /></a>
<a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img
src="poweredby.png"
alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]"
width="88" height="31" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
14、查看日志
[root@web1 ~]# docker logs -f mynginx
《Docker技术入门与实战(第3版)》
作者:杨保华,戴王剑,曹亚仑 著
适读人群:1.云计算开发人员。2.网络应用开发与管理人员。入门Docker的首本书,经典畅销书升级,系统化掌握容器技术栈,第3版基于 Docker 新 18.x 系列版本。
作者简介:杨保华,博士,现为甲骨文架构师。研究方向包括分布式系统、大数据和算法设计等,是容器、网络虚拟化、区块链等技术的早期研究者和布道者。他倡导技术创新与产品、市场相结合,曾负责多个大型平台的架构和设计,以及企业系统的实现和实施。他热爱开源文化,曾积极贡献了多个开源项目。
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