问题
I need to execute a Python script from the Django shell. I tried:
./manage.py shell << my_script.py
But it didn\'t work. It was just waiting for me to write something.
回答1:
The << part is wrong, use < instead:
$ ./manage.py shell < myscript.py
You could also do:
$ ./manage.py shell
...
>>> execfile('myscript.py')
For python3 you would need to use
>>> exec(open('myscript.py').read())
回答2:
You're not recommended to do that from the shell - and this is intended as you shouldn't really be executing random scripts from the django environment (but there are ways around this, see the other answers).
If this is a script that you will be running multiple times, it's a good idea to set it up as a custom command ie
$ ./manage.py my_command
to do this create a file in a subdir of management and commands of your app, ie
my_app/
__init__.py
models.py
management/
__init__.py
commands/
__init__.py
my_command.py
tests.py
views.py
and in this file define your custom command (ensuring that the name of the file is the name of the command you want to execute from ./manage.py)
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
class Command(BaseCommand):
def handle(self, **options):
# now do the things that you want with your models here
回答3:
For anyone using Django 1.7+, it seems that simply import the settings module is not enough.
After some digging, I found this Stack Overflow answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/23241093
You now need to:
import os, django
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myapp.settings")
django.setup()
# now your code can go here...
Without doing the above, I was getting a django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNoReady error.
My script file is in the same directory as my django project (ie. in the same folder as manage.py)
回答4:
I'm late for the party but I hope that my response will help someone: You can do this in your Python script:
import sys, os
sys.path.append('/path/to/your/django/app')
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'settings'
from django.conf import settings
the rest of your stuff goes here ....
回答5:
runscript from django-extensions
python manage.py runscript scripty.py
A sample script.py to test it out:
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
print(User.objects.values())
Mentioned at: http://django-extensions.readthedocs.io/en/latest/command_extensions.html and documented at:
python manage.py runscript --help
There is a tutorial too.
Tested on Django 1.9.6, django-extensions 1.6.7.
回答6:
If IPython is available (pip install ipython) then ./manage.py shell will automatically use it's shell and then you can use the magic command %run:
%run my_script.py
回答7:
You can just run the script with the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable set. That's all it takes to set up Django-shell environment.
This works in Django >= 1.4
回答8:
@AtulVarma provided a very useful comment under the not-working accepted answer:
echo 'import myscript' | python manage.py shell
回答9:
if you have not a lot commands in your script use it:
manage.py shell --command="import django; print(django.__version__)"
Django docs
回答10:
As other answers indicate but don't explicitly state, what you may actually need is not necessarily to execute your script from the Django shell, but to access your apps without using the Django shell.
This differs a lot Django version to Django version. If you do not find your solution on this thread, answers here -- Django script to access model objects without using manage.py shell -- or similar searches may help you.
I had to begin my_command.py with
import os,sys
sys.path.append('/path/to/myproject')
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "config.settings.file")
import django
django.setup()
import project.app.models
#do things with my models, yay
and then ran python3 my_command.py
(Django 2.0.2)
回答11:
import os, sys, django
os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "settings"
sys.path.insert(0, os.getcwd())
django.setup()
回答12:
Note, this method has been deprecated for more recent versions of django! (> 1.3)
An alternative answer, you could add this to the top of my_script.py
from django.core.management import setup_environ
import settings
setup_environ(settings)
and execute my_script.py just with python in the directory where you have settings.py but this is a bit hacky.
$ python my_script.py
回答13:
Try this if you are using virtual enviroment :-
python manage.py shell
for using those command you must be inside virtual enviroment. for this use :-
workon vir_env_name
for example :-
dc@dc-comp-4:~/mysite$ workon jango
(jango)dc@dc-comp-4:~/mysite$ python manage.py shell
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>>
Note :- Here mysite is my website name and jango is my virtual enviroment name
回答14:
If you want to run in in BG even better:
nohup echo 'exec(open("my_script.py").read())' | python manage.py shell &
The output will be in nohup.out
回答15:
Something I just found to be interesting is Django Scripts, which allows you to write scripts to be run with python manage.py runscript foobar. More detailed information on implementation and scructure can be found here, http://django-extensions.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html
回答16:
came here with the same question as the OP, and I found my favourite answer precisely in the mistake within the question, which works also in Python 3:
./manage.py shell <<EOF
import my_script
my_script.main()
EOF
回答17:
Other way it's execute this one:
echo 'execfile("/path_to/myscript.py")' | python manage.py shell --settings=config.base
This is working on Python2.7 and Django1.9
回答18:
django.setup() does not seem to work.
does not seem to be required either.
this alone worked.
import os, django, glob, sys, shelve
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "myProject.settings")
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16853649/how-to-execute-a-python-script-from-the-django-shell