Homebrew是一款Mac OS平台下的软件包管理工具，拥有安装、卸载、更新、查看、搜索等很多实用的功能。简单的一条指令，就可以实现包管理，而不用你关心各种依赖和文件路径的情况，十分方便快捷。
安装方法
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install.sh)"
但是会经常提示安装失败，提示
curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Operation
解决办法：
浏览器打开 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install ，保存网页的内容于任意路径，并命名为brew_install.rb（也可直接复制文章下方 brew_install.rb 文件内容），进入brew_install.rb保存的路径，在终端输入指令
ruby brew_install.rbruby brew_install.rb 安装也会经常失败，多试几次
brew_install.rb 文件内容
#!/usr/bin/ruby
# This script installs to /usr/local only. To install elsewhere (which is
# unsupported) you can untar https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/tarball/master
# anywhere you like.
HOMEBREW_PREFIX = "/usr/local".freeze
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY = "/usr/local/Homebrew".freeze
HOMEBREW_CACHE = "#{ENV["HOME"]}/Library/Caches/Homebrew".freeze
BREW_REPO = "https://github.com/Homebrew/brew".freeze
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED = "10.15".freeze
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED = "10.13".freeze
# no analytics during installation
ENV["HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_THIS_RUN"] = "1"
ENV["HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_MESSAGE_OUTPUT"] = "1"
# get nicer global variables
require "English"
module Tty
module_function
def blue
bold 34
end
def red
bold 31
end
def reset
escape 0
end
def bold(code = 39)
escape "1;#{code}"
end
def underline
escape "4;39"
end
def escape(code)
"033[#{code}m" if STDOUT.tty?
end
end
class Array
def shell_s
cp = dup
first = cp.shift
cp.map { |arg| arg.gsub " ", "\ " }.unshift(first).join(" ")
end
end
def ohai(*args)
puts "#{Tty.blue}==>#{Tty.bold} #{args.shell_s}#{Tty.reset}"
end
def warn(warning)
puts "#{Tty.red}Warning#{Tty.reset}: #{warning.chomp}"
end
def system(*args)
abort "Failed during: #{args.shell_s}" unless Kernel.system(*args)
end
def sudo(*args)
args.unshift("-A") unless ENV["SUDO_ASKPASS"].nil?
ohai "/usr/bin/sudo", *args
system "/usr/bin/sudo", *args
end
def getc
system "/bin/stty raw -echo"
if STDIN.respond_to?(:getbyte)
STDIN.getbyte
else
STDIN.getc
end
ensure
system "/bin/stty -raw echo"
end
def wait_for_user
puts
puts "Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort"
c = getc
# we test for r and n because some stuff does r instead
abort unless (c == 13) || (c == 10)
end
class Version
include Comparable
attr_reader :parts
def initialize(str)
@parts = str.split(".").map(&:to_i)
end
def <=>(other)
parts <=> self.class.new(other).parts
end
def to_s
parts.join(".")
end
end
def macos_version
@macos_version ||= Version.new(`/usr/bin/sw_vers -productVersion`.chomp[/10.d+/])
end
def should_install_command_line_tools?
if macos_version > "10.13"
!File.exist?("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git")
else
!File.exist?("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git") ||
!File.exist?("/usr/include/iconv.h")
end
end
def user_only_chmod?(path)
return false unless File.directory?(path)
mode = File.stat(path).mode & 0777
# u = (mode >> 6) & 07
# g = (mode >> 3) & 07
# o = (mode >> 0) & 07
mode != 0755
end
def chmod?(path)
File.exist?(path) && !(File.readable?(path) && File.writable?(path) && File.executable?(path))
end
def chown?(path)
!File.owned?(path)
end
def chgrp?(path)
!File.grpowned?(path)
end
# USER isn't always set so provide a fall back for the installer and subprocesses.
ENV["USER"] ||= `id -un`.chomp
# Invalidate sudo timestamp before exiting (if it wasn't active before).
Kernel.system "/usr/bin/sudo -n -v 2>/dev/null"
at_exit { Kernel.system "/usr/bin/sudo", "-k" } unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?
# The block form of Dir.chdir fails later if Dir.CWD doesn't exist which I
# guess is fair enough. Also sudo prints a warning message for no good reason
Dir.chdir "/usr"
####################################################################### script
if RUBY_PLATFORM.to_s.downcase.include?("linux")
abort <<-EOABORT
To install Linuxbrew, paste at a terminal prompt:
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Linuxbrew/install/master/install.sh)"
EOABORT
elsif macos_version < "10.7"
abort <<-EOABORT
Your Mac OS X version is too old. See:
#{Tty.underline}https://github.com/mistydemeo/tigerbrew#{Tty.reset}"
EOABORT
elsif macos_version < "10.9"
abort "Your OS X version is too old"
elsif Process.uid.zero?
abort "Don't run this as root!"
elsif !`dsmemberutil checkmembership -U "#{ENV["USER"]}" -G admin`.include?("user is a member")
abort "This script requires the user #{ENV["USER"]} to be an Administrator."
elsif File.directory?(HOMEBREW_PREFIX) && (!File.executable? HOMEBREW_PREFIX)
abort <<-EOABORT
The Homebrew prefix, #{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}, exists but is not searchable. If this is
not intentional, please restore the default permissions and try running the
installer again:
sudo chmod 775 #{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}
EOABORT
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
elsif macos_version > MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED || macos_version < MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED
who = "We"
if macos_version > MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED
what = "pre-release version"
elsif macos_version < MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED
who << " (and Apple)"
what = "old version"
else
return
end
ohai "You are using macOS #{macos_version.parts.join(".")}."
ohai "#{who} do not provide support for this #{what}."
puts <<-EOS
This installation may not succeed.
After installation, you will encounter build failures with some formulae.
Please create pull requests instead of asking for help on Homebrew's GitHub,
Discourse, Twitter or IRC. You are responsible for resolving any issues you
experience while you are running this #{what}.
EOS
end
ohai "This script will install:"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/doc/homebrew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/man/man1/brew.1"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/etc/bash_completion.d/brew"
puts HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY.to_s
# Keep relatively in sync with
# https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/blob/master/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb
group_chmods = %w[bin etc include lib sbin share opt var
Frameworks
etc/bash_completion.d lib/pkgconfig
share/aclocal share/doc share/info share/locale share/man
share/man/man1 share/man/man2 share/man/man3 share/man/man4
share/man/man5 share/man/man6 share/man/man7 share/man/man8
var/log var/homebrew var/homebrew/linked
bin/brew]
.map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
.select { |d| chmod?(d) }
# zsh refuses to read from these directories if group writable
zsh_dirs = %w[share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions]
.map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
mkdirs = %w[bin etc include lib sbin share var opt
share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions
var/homebrew var/homebrew/linked
Cellar Caskroom Homebrew Frameworks]
.map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
.reject { |d| File.directory?(d) }
user_chmods = zsh_dirs.select { |d| user_only_chmod?(d) }
chmods = group_chmods + user_chmods
chowns = chmods.select { |d| chown?(d) }
chgrps = chmods.select { |d| chgrp?(d) }
unless group_chmods.empty?
ohai "The following existing directories will be made group writable:"
puts(*group_chmods)
end
unless user_chmods.empty?
ohai "The following existing directories will be made writable by user only:"
puts(*user_chmods)
end
unless chowns.empty?
ohai "The following existing directories will have their owner set to #{Tty.underline}#{ENV["USER"]}#{Tty.reset}:"
puts(*chowns)
end
unless chgrps.empty?
ohai "The following existing directories will have their group set to #{Tty.underline}admin#{Tty.reset}:"
puts(*chgrps)
end
unless mkdirs.empty?
ohai "The following new directories will be created:"
puts(*mkdirs)
end
if should_install_command_line_tools?
ohai "The Xcode Command Line Tools will be installed."
end
wait_for_user if STDIN.tty? && !ENV["CI"]
if File.directory? HOMEBREW_PREFIX
sudo "/bin/chmod", "u+rwx", *chmods unless chmods.empty?
sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", *group_chmods unless group_chmods.empty?
sudo "/bin/chmod", "755", *user_chmods unless user_chmods.empty?
sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], *chowns unless chowns.empty?
sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", *chgrps unless chgrps.empty?
else
sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", HOMEBREW_PREFIX
sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", "root:wheel", HOMEBREW_PREFIX
end
unless mkdirs.empty?
sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", *mkdirs
sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", *mkdirs
sudo "/bin/chmod", "755", *zsh_dirs
sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], *mkdirs
sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", *mkdirs
end
sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", HOMEBREW_CACHE unless File.directory? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", HOMEBREW_CACHE if chmod? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], HOMEBREW_CACHE if chown? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", HOMEBREW_CACHE if chgrp? HOMEBREW_CACHE
system "/usr/bin/touch", "#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/.cleaned" if File.directory? HOMEBREW_CACHE
if should_install_command_line_tools? && macos_version >= "10.13"
ohai "Searching online for the Command Line Tools"
# This temporary file prompts the 'softwareupdate' utility to list the Command Line Tools
clt_placeholder = "/tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress"
sudo "/usr/bin/touch", clt_placeholder
clt_label_command = "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -l | "
"grep -B 1 -E 'Command Line Tools' | "
"awk -F'*' '/^ *\*/ {print $2}' | "
"sed -e 's/^ *Label: //' -e 's/^ *//' | "
"sort -V | "
"tail -n1"
clt_label = `#{clt_label_command}`.chomp
unless clt_label.empty?
ohai "Installing #{clt_label}"
sudo "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate", "-i", clt_label
sudo "/bin/rm", "-f", clt_placeholder
sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--switch", "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
end
end
# Headless install may have failed, so fallback to original 'xcode-select' method
if should_install_command_line_tools? && STDIN.tty?
ohai "Installing the Command Line Tools (expect a GUI popup):"
sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--install"
puts "Press any key when the installation has completed."
getc
sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--switch", "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
end
abort <<-EOABORT if `/usr/bin/xcrun clang 2>&1` =~ /license/ && !$CHILD_STATUS.success?
You have not agreed to the Xcode license.
Before running the installer again please agree to the license by opening
Xcode.app or running:
sudo xcodebuild -license
EOABORT
ohai "Downloading and installing Homebrew..."
Dir.chdir HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY do
# we do it in four steps to avoid merge errors when reinstalling
system "git", "init", "-q"
# "git remote add" will fail if the remote is defined in the global config
system "git", "config", "remote.origin.url", BREW_REPO
system "git", "config", "remote.origin.fetch", "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
# ensure we don't munge line endings on checkout
system "git", "config", "core.autocrlf", "false"
system "git", "fetch", "origin", "master:refs/remotes/origin/master",
"--tags", "--force"
system "git", "reset", "--hard", "origin/master"
system "ln", "-sf", "#{HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}/bin/brew", "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
system "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew", "update", "--force"
end
warn "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin is not in your PATH." unless ENV["PATH"].split(":").include? "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin"
ohai "Installation successful!"
puts
# Use the shell's audible bell.
print "a"
# Use an extra newline and bold to avoid this being missed.
ohai "Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics."
puts <<-EOS
#{Tty.bold}Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
#{Tty.underline}https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics#{Tty.reset}
EOS
ohai "Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:"
puts <<-EOS
#{Tty.underline}https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations#{Tty.reset}
EOS
Dir.chdir HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY do
system "git", "config", "--local", "--replace-all", "homebrew.analyticsmessage", "true"
system "git", "config", "--local", "--replace-all", "homebrew.caskanalyticsmessage", "true"
end
ohai "Next steps:"
puts "- Run `brew help` to get started"
puts "- Further documentation: "
puts " #{Tty.underline}https://docs.brew.sh#{Tty.reset}"
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/gwlCode/blog/4296136