中介者模式

中介者模式（Mediator Pattern）是用来降低多个对象和类之间的通信复杂性。这种模式提供了一个中介类，该类通常处理不同类之间的通信，并支持松耦合，使代码易于维护。中介者模式属于行为型模式。

介绍

意图：用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互，中介者使各对象不需要显式地相互引用，从而使其耦合松散，而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。

主要解决：对象与对象之间存在大量的关联关系，这样势必会导致系统的结构变得很复杂，同时若一个对象发生改变，我们也需要跟踪与之相关联的对象，同时做出相应的处理。

何时使用：多个类相互耦合，形成了网状结构。

如何解决：将上述网状结构分离为星型结构。

关键代码：对象 Colleague 之间的通信封装到一个类中单独处理。

应用实例： 1、中国加入 WTO 之前是各个国家相互贸易，结构复杂，现在是各个国家通过 WTO 来互相贸易。 2、机场调度系统。 3、MVC 框架，其中C（控制器）就是 M（模型）和 V（视图）的中介者。

优点： 1、降低了类的复杂度，将一对多转化成了一对一。 2、各个类之间的解耦。 3、符合迪米特原则。

缺点：中介者会庞大，变得复杂难以维护。

使用场景： 1、系统中对象之间存在比较复杂的引用关系，导致它们之间的依赖关系结构混乱而且难以复用该对象。 2、想通过一个中间类来封装多个类中的行为，而又不想生成太多的子类。

注意事项：不应当在职责混乱的时候使用。

Mediator Design Pattern

Rules of thumb 和其他几个设计模式的区别

Chain of Responsibility, Command, Mediator, and Observer, address how you can decouple senders and receivers, but with different trade-offs. Chain of Responsibility passes a sender request along a chain of potential receivers. Command normally specifies a sender-receiver connection with a subclass. Mediator has senders and receivers reference each other indirectly. Observer defines a very decoupled interface that allows for multiple receivers to be configured at run-time.
Mediator and Observer are competing patterns. The difference between them is that Observer distributes communication by introducing "observer" and "subject" objects, whereas a Mediator object encapsulates the communication between other objects. We've found it easier to make reusable Observers and Subjects than to make reusable Mediators.
On the other hand, Mediator can leverage Observer for dynamically registering colleagues and communicating with them.
Mediator is similar to Facade in that it abstracts functionality of existing classes. Mediator abstracts/centralizes arbitrary communication between colleague objects, it routinely "adds value", and it is known/referenced by the colleague objects (i.e. it defines a multidirectional protocol). In contrast, Facade defines a simpler interface to a subsystem, it doesn't add new functionality, and it is not known by the subsystem classes (i.e. it defines a unidirectional protocol where it makes requests of the subsystem classes but not vice versa).

Real-world code in C#

This real-world code demonstrates the Mediator pattern facilitating loosely coupled communication between different Participants registering with a Chatroom. The Chatroom is the central hub through which all communication takes place. At this point only one-to-one communication is implemented in the Chatroom, but would be trivial to change to one-to-many.

来源：oschina

链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4272821/blog/4307304

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Observer