我们在编写程序时,会在程序运行过程中记录一些日志。log4net作为一款经久耐用的日志组件,值得我们信赖。在中小型公司中,往往没有专业的日志服务器来处理应用程序产生的日志,而格式化不好的日志文件又为上线后日志的统计、分析、查找造成了困难。
Excel作为一款常用的办公软件,用来处理一些中小数量级的数据还是游刃有余的。如果log4net输出的日志能够直接导入Excel,那么查询和分析起来岂不是要快很多?
我们有很多方法可以实现这个功能,csv的优势是其文件格式比较简单,可以用任意的文本编辑器打开,而且解析起来比较方便。效果如下:
新建控制台程序,引用log4net类库这些步骤不必说,直接进入正题,我们需要增加4个类文件 CsvTextWriter 、 NewFieldConverter 、 EndRowConverter 和 CsvPatternLayout。
CsvTextWriter.cs
1 using System.IO;
2 using System.Text;
3
4 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
5 {
6 public class CsvTextWriter : TextWriter
7 {
8 private readonly TextWriter _textWriter;
9
10 public CsvTextWriter(TextWriter textWriter)
11 {
12 _textWriter = textWriter;
13 }
14
15 public override Encoding Encoding => _textWriter.Encoding;
16
17 public override void Write(char value)
18 {
19 _textWriter.Write(value);
20 if (value == '"')
21 _textWriter.Write(value);
22 }
23
24 public void WriteQuote()
25 {
26 _textWriter.Write('"');
27 }
28 }
29 }
NewFieldConverter.cs
1 using System.IO;
2 using log4net.Util;
3
4 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
5 {
6 public class NewFieldConverter : PatternConverter
7 {
8 protected override void Convert(TextWriter writer, object state)
9 {
10 var ctw = writer as CsvTextWriter;
11 ctw?.WriteQuote();
12
13 writer.Write(',');
14
15 ctw?.WriteQuote();
16 }
17 }
18 }
EndRowConverter.cs
1 using System.IO;
2 using log4net.Util;
3
4 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
5 {
6 public class EndRowConverter : PatternConverter
7 {
8 protected override void Convert(TextWriter writer, object state)
9 {
10 var ctw = writer as CsvTextWriter;
11
12 ctw?.WriteQuote();
13
14 writer.WriteLine();
15 }
16 }
17 }
CsvPatternLayout.cs
1 using System.IO;
2 using log4net.Core;
3 using log4net.Layout;
4
5 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout
6 {
7 public class CsvPatternLayout : PatternLayout
8 {
9 public override void ActivateOptions()
10 {
11 AddConverter("newfield", typeof(NewFieldConverter));
12 AddConverter("endrow", typeof(EndRowConverter));
13 base.ActivateOptions();
14 }
15
16 public override void Format(TextWriter writer, LoggingEvent loggingEvent)
17 {
18 var ctw = new CsvTextWriter(writer);
19 ctw.WriteQuote();
20 base.Format(ctw, loggingEvent);
21 }
22 }
23 }
在书写 log4net 的配置文件时,只要将 appender 的 layout 设置为 CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout.CsvPatternLayout ,且设置好日志头,日志格式即可。注意,header后需要编写换行字符,%newfield代表字段分隔符,%endrow代表一行结束。
<layout type="CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout.CsvPatternLayout,CoderBusy.Log4Net">
<header value="Time,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception " />
<conversionPattern
value="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}%newfield%thread%newfield%level%newfield%logger%newfield%message%newfield%exception%endrow" />
</layout>
我为初学者准备了一个log4net的配置文件。这个配置文件会将日志在控制台和csv文件中同时输出,每天一个CSV文件(本地时间),且控制台中,不同的日志级别会有不同的颜色。
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2
3 <configuration>
4 <configSections>
5 <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" />
6 </configSections>
7 <log4net xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
8 <appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
9 <param name="File" value="Logs/" />
10 <param name="AppendToFile" value="True" />
11 <param name="MaxSizeRollBackups" value="10" />
12 <param name="StaticLogFileName" value="false" />
13 <param name="DatePattern" value="yyyy-MM-dd".csv"" />
14 <param name="RollingStyle" value="Date" />
15 <layout type="CoderBusy.Log4Net.Layout.CsvPatternLayout,CoderBusy.Log4Net">
16 <header value="Time,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception " />
17 <conversionPattern
18 value="%date{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}%newfield%thread%newfield%level%newfield%logger%newfield%message%newfield%exception%endrow" />
19 </layout>
20 </appender>
21
22 <appender name="ColoredConsoleAppender" type="log4net.Appender.ColoredConsoleAppender">
23 <mapping>
24 <level value="ERROR" />
25 <foreColor value="Red" />
26 </mapping>
27 <mapping>
28 <level value="INFO" />
29 <foreColor value="Green" />
30 </mapping>
31
32 <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
33 <conversionPattern value="# %date{HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger #%newline%message%newline" />
34 </layout>
35 <filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelRangeFilter">
36 <param name="LevelMin" value="DEBUG" />
37 <param name="LevelMax" value="FATAL" />
38 </filter>
39 </appender>
40
41 <root>
42 <!-- OFF < FATAL < ERROR < WARN < INFO < DEBUG < ALL -->
43 <level value="ALL" />
44 <appender-ref ref="RollingLogFileAppender" />
45 <appender-ref ref="ColoredConsoleAppender" />
46 </root>
47 </log4net>
48 </configuration>
配合以上配置,测试一下功能。
1 using System;
2 using log4net;
3 using log4net.Config;
4
5 [assembly: XmlConfigurator(ConfigFile = "log4net.config")]
6
7 namespace CoderBusy.Log4Net.Tests
8 {
9 internal class Program
10 {
11 public static void Main(string[] args)
12 {
13 var log = LogManager.GetLogger("Default");
14 log.Debug("Message", new Exception("Test Exception"));
15 log.Info("Hello World.");
16 log.WarnFormat("A={0} B={1}", "\"123123", Environment.NewLine);
17 Console.ReadLine();
18 }
19 }
20 }
Logs文件夹中,生成的csv文件内容如下:
Time,Thread,Level,Logger,Message,Exception
"2016-08-25 23:13:19","9","DEBUG","Default","Message","System.Exception: Test Exception
"
"2016-08-25 23:13:19","9","INFO","Default","Hello World.",""
"2016-08-25 23:13:19","9","WARN","Default","A=""123123 B=
",""
输出字段被使用双引号包裹,且消息体中的双引号被重复输出。这样的结果表明我们的程序是正常的。本文的代码可以在 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hr4EOPu 下载,谢谢阅读,并祝你成功。