前言
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作者： marble_xu
GitHub地址：https://github.com/marblexu/PythonPlantsVsZombies
PS：如有需要Python学习资料的小伙伴可以加点击下方链接自行获取
http://note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=3054cce4add8a909e784ad934f956cef
功能介绍
最近一直在给这个植物大战僵尸游戏添加新的植物和僵尸, 因为网上的图片资源有限，能加的植物和僵尸比较少， 目前进展如下。
功能实现如下：
-
支持的植物类型：太阳花，豌豆射手，寒冰射手，坚果，樱桃炸弹。新增加植物：双重豌豆射手，三重豌豆射手，食人花 ，小喷菇，土豆地雷，倭瓜。
-
支持的僵尸类型：普通僵尸，棋子僵尸，路障僵尸，铁桶僵尸。新增加读报僵尸。
-
使用json文件保存关卡信息，设置僵尸出现的时间和位置。
-
增加每关开始时选择上场植物。
-
增加除草机。
下面是游戏的截图：
植物卡片选择和种植
如图所示，游戏中可以种植物的方格一共有45个（有5行，每行9列）。
这篇文章要介绍的是：
-
上方植物卡片栏的实现。
-
点击植物卡片，鼠标切换为植物图片。
-
鼠标移动时，判断当前在哪个方格中，并显示半透明的植物作为提示。
代码实现
所有的植物卡片的名称和属性都保存在单独的list中，每个list index都对应一种植物。
比如list index 0 就是太阳花：
-
card_name_list[0] 是太阳花卡片的名字，用来获取太阳花卡片的图片。
-
plant_name_list[0] 是太阳花的名字，用来获取太阳花卡片的图片。
-
plant_sun_list[0] 是种植太阳花需要花费的太阳点数。
-
plant_frozen_time_list[0] 是太阳花的冷却时间。
植物卡片类
每个植物卡片是一个单独的Card类，用来显示这个植物。
-
checkMouseClick函数：判断鼠标是否点击到这个卡片；
-
canClick：判断这个卡片是否能种植（有没有足够的点数，是否还在冷却时间内）；
-
update 函数：通过设置图片的透明度来表示这个卡片是否能选择。
卡片栏类
MenuBar类显示图3中的植物卡片栏：
-
self.sun_value：当前采集的太阳点数；
-
self.card_list: 植物卡片的list；
-
setupCards函数：遍历初始化init函数中传入这个关卡选好的植物卡片list，依次创建Card类，设置每个卡片的显示位置；
-
checkCardClick函数：检查鼠标是否点击了卡片栏上的某个植物卡片，如果选择了一个可种植的卡片，返回结果。
代码：
1 import pygame as pg
2 from .. import tool
3 from .. import constants as c
4
5 PANEL_Y_START = 87
6 PANEL_X_START = 22
7 PANEL_Y_INTERNAL = 74
8 PANEL_X_INTERNAL = 53
9 CARD_LIST_NUM = 8
10
11 card_name_list = [c.CARD_SUNFLOWER, c.CARD_PEASHOOTER, c.CARD_SNOWPEASHOOTER, c.CARD_WALLNUT,
12 c.CARD_CHERRYBOMB, c.CARD_THREEPEASHOOTER, c.CARD_REPEATERPEA, c.CARD_CHOMPER,
13 c.CARD_PUFFSHROOM, c.CARD_POTATOMINE, c.CARD_SQUASH, c.CARD_SPIKEWEED,
14 c.CARD_JALAPENO, c.CARD_SCAREDYSHROOM, c.CARD_SUNSHROOM, c.CARD_ICESHROOM]
15 plant_name_list = [c.SUNFLOWER, c.PEASHOOTER, c.SNOWPEASHOOTER, c.WALLNUT,
16 c.CHERRYBOMB, c.THREEPEASHOOTER, c.REPEATERPEA, c.CHOMPER,
17 c.PUFFSHROOM, c.POTATOMINE, c.SQUASH, c.SPIKEWEED,
18 c.JALAPENO, c.SCAREDYSHROOM, c.SUNSHROOM, c.ICESHROOM]
19 plant_sun_list = [50, 100, 175, 50, 150, 325, 200, 150, 0, 25, 50, 100, 125, 25, 25, 75]
20 plant_frozen_time_list = [7500, 7500, 7500, 30000, 50000, 7500, 7500, 7500, 7500, 30000,
21 30000, 7500, 50000, 7500, 7500, 50000]
22 all_card_list = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
23
24 def getSunValueImage(sun_value):
25 font = pg.font.SysFont(None, 22)
26 width = 32
27 msg_image = font.render(str(sun_value), True, c.NAVYBLUE, c.LIGHTYELLOW)
28 msg_rect = msg_image.get_rect()
29 msg_w = msg_rect.width
30
31 image = pg.Surface([width, 17])
32 x = width - msg_w
33
34 image.fill(c.LIGHTYELLOW)
35 image.blit(msg_image, (x, 0), (0, 0, msg_rect.w, msg_rect.h))
36 image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)
37 return image
38
39 class Card():
40 def __init__(self, x, y, name_index, scale=0.78):
41 self.loadFrame(card_name_list[name_index], scale)
42 self.rect = self.orig_image.get_rect()
43 self.rect.x = x
44 self.rect.y = y
45
46 self.name_index = name_index
47 self.sun_cost = plant_sun_list[name_index]
48 self.frozen_time = plant_frozen_time_list[name_index]
49 self.frozen_timer = -self.frozen_time
50 self.refresh_timer = 0
51 self.select = True
52
53 def loadFrame(self, name, scale):
54 frame = tool.GFX[name]
55 rect = frame.get_rect()
56 width, height = rect.w, rect.h
57
58 self.orig_image = tool.get_image(frame, 0, 0, width, height, c.BLACK, scale)
59 self.image = self.orig_image
60
61 def checkMouseClick(self, mouse_pos):
62 x, y = mouse_pos
63 if(x >= self.rect.x and x <= self.rect.right and
64 y >= self.rect.y and y <= self.rect.bottom):
65 return True
66 return False
67
68 def canClick(self, sun_value, current_time):
69 if self.sun_cost <= sun_value and (current_time - self.frozen_timer) > self.frozen_time:
70 return True
71 return False
72
73 def canSelect(self):
74 return self.select
75
76 def setSelect(self, can_select):
77 self.select = can_select
78 if can_select:
79 self.image.set_alpha(255)
80 else:
81 self.image.set_alpha(128)
82
83 def setFrozenTime(self, current_time):
84 self.frozen_timer = current_time
85
86 def createShowImage(self, sun_value, current_time):
87 '''create a card image to show cool down status
88 or disable status when have not enough sun value'''
89 time = current_time - self.frozen_timer
90 if time < self.frozen_time: #cool down status
91 image = pg.Surface([self.rect.w, self.rect.h])
92 frozen_image = self.orig_image.copy()
93 frozen_image.set_alpha(128)
94 frozen_height = (self.frozen_time - time)/self.frozen_time * self.rect.h
95
96 image.blit(frozen_image, (0,0), (0, 0, self.rect.w, frozen_height))
97 image.blit(self.orig_image, (0,frozen_height),
98 (0, frozen_height, self.rect.w, self.rect.h - frozen_height))
99 elif self.sun_cost > sun_value: #disable status
100 image = self.orig_image.copy()
101 image.set_alpha(192)
102 else:
103 image = self.orig_image
104 return image
105
106 def update(self, sun_value, current_time):
107 if (current_time - self.refresh_timer) >= 250:
108 self.image = self.createShowImage(sun_value, current_time)
109 self.refresh_timer = current_time
110
111 def draw(self, surface):
112 surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)
113
114 class MenuBar():
115 def __init__(self, card_list, sun_value):
116 self.loadFrame(c.MENUBAR_BACKGROUND)
117 self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
118 self.rect.x = 10
119 self.rect.y = 0
120
121 self.sun_value = sun_value
122 self.card_offset_x = 32
123 self.setupCards(card_list)
124
125 def loadFrame(self, name):
126 frame = tool.GFX[name]
127 rect = frame.get_rect()
128 frame_rect = (rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, rect.h)
129
130 self.image = tool.get_image(tool.GFX[name], *frame_rect, c.WHITE, 1)
131
132 def update(self, current_time):
133 self.current_time = current_time
134 for card in self.card_list:
135 card.update(self.sun_value, self.current_time)
136
137 def createImage(self, x, y, num):
138 if num == 1:
139 return
140 img = self.image
141 rect = self.image.get_rect()
142 width = rect.w
143 height = rect.h
144 self.image = pg.Surface((width * num, height)).convert()
145 self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
146 self.rect.x = x
147 self.rect.y = y
148 for i in range(num):
149 x = i * width
150 self.image.blit(img, (x,0))
151 self.image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)
152
153 def setupCards(self, card_list):
154 self.card_list = []
155 x = self.card_offset_x
156 y = 8
157 for index in card_list:
158 x += 55
159 self.card_list.append(Card(x, y, index))
160
161 def checkCardClick(self, mouse_pos):
162 result = None
163 for card in self.card_list:
164 if card.checkMouseClick(mouse_pos):
165 if card.canClick(self.sun_value, self.current_time):
166 result = (plant_name_list[card.name_index], card.sun_cost)
167 break
168 return result
169
170 def checkMenuBarClick(self, mouse_pos):
171 x, y = mouse_pos
172 if(x >= self.rect.x and x <= self.rect.right and
173 y >= self.rect.y and y <= self.rect.bottom):
174 return True
175 return False
176
177 def decreaseSunValue(self, value):
178 self.sun_value -= value
179
180 def increaseSunValue(self, value):
181 self.sun_value += value
182
183 def setCardFrozenTime(self, plant_name):
184 for card in self.card_list:
185 if plant_name_list[card.name_index] == plant_name:
186 card.setFrozenTime(self.current_time)
187 break
188
189 def drawSunValue(self):
190 self.value_image = getSunValueImage(self.sun_value)
191 self.value_rect = self.value_image.get_rect()
192 self.value_rect.x = 21
193 self.value_rect.y = self.rect.bottom - 21
194
195 self.image.blit(self.value_image, self.value_rect)
196
197 def draw(self, surface):
198 self.drawSunValue()
199 surface.blit(self.image, self.rect)
200 for card in self.card_list:
201 card.draw(surface)
202
203 class Panel():
204 def __init__(self, card_list, sun_value):
205 self.loadImages(sun_value)
206 self.selected_cards = []
207 self.selected_num = 0
208 self.setupCards(card_list)
209
210 def loadFrame(self, name):
211 frame = tool.GFX[name]
212 rect = frame.get_rect()
213 frame_rect = (rect.x, rect.y, rect.w, rect.h)
214
215 return tool.get_image(tool.GFX[name], *frame_rect, c.WHITE, 1)
216
217 def loadImages(self, sun_value):
218 self.menu_image = self.loadFrame(c.MENUBAR_BACKGROUND)
219 self.menu_rect = self.menu_image.get_rect()
220 self.menu_rect.x = 0
221 self.menu_rect.y = 0
222
223 self.panel_image = self.loadFrame(c.PANEL_BACKGROUND)
224 self.panel_rect = self.panel_image.get_rect()
225 self.panel_rect.x = 0
226 self.panel_rect.y = PANEL_Y_START
227
228
229 self.value_image = getSunValueImage(sun_value)
230 self.value_rect = self.value_image.get_rect()
231 self.value_rect.x = 21
232 self.value_rect.y = self.menu_rect.bottom - 21
233
234 self.button_image = self.loadFrame(c.START_BUTTON)
235 self.button_rect = self.button_image.get_rect()
236 self.button_rect.x = 155
237 self.button_rect.y = 547
238
239 def setupCards(self, card_list):
240 self.card_list = []
241 x = PANEL_X_START - PANEL_X_INTERNAL
242 y = PANEL_Y_START + 43 - PANEL_Y_INTERNAL
243 for i, index in enumerate(card_list):
244 if i % 8 == 0:
245 x = PANEL_X_START - PANEL_X_INTERNAL
246 y += PANEL_Y_INTERNAL
247 x += PANEL_X_INTERNAL
248 self.card_list.append(Card(x, y, index, 0.75))
249
250 def checkCardClick(self, mouse_pos):
251 delete_card = None
252 for card in self.selected_cards:
253 if delete_card: # when delete a card, move right cards to left
254 card.rect.x -= 55
255 elif card.checkMouseClick(mouse_pos):
256 self.deleteCard(card.name_index)
257 delete_card = card
258
259 if delete_card:
260 self.selected_cards.remove(delete_card)
261 self.selected_num -= 1
262
263 if self.selected_num == CARD_LIST_NUM:
264 return
265
266 for card in self.card_list:
267 if card.checkMouseClick(mouse_pos):
268 if card.canSelect():
269 self.addCard(card)
270 break
271
272 def addCard(self, card):
273 card.setSelect(False)
274 y = 8
275 x = 78 + self.selected_num * 55
276 self.selected_cards.append(Card(x, y, card.name_index))
277 self.selected_num += 1
278
279 def deleteCard(self, index):
280 self.card_list[index].setSelect(True)
281
282 def checkStartButtonClick(self, mouse_pos):
283 if self.selected_num < CARD_LIST_NUM:
284 return False
285
286 x, y = mouse_pos
287 if (x >= self.button_rect.x and x <= self.button_rect.right and
288 y >= self.button_rect.y and y <= self.button_rect.bottom):
289 return True
290 return False
291
292 def getSelectedCards(self):
293 card_index_list = []
294 for card in self.selected_cards:
295 card_index_list.append(card.name_index)
296 return card_index_list
297
298 def draw(self, surface):
299 self.menu_image.blit(self.value_image, self.value_rect)
300 surface.blit(self.menu_image, self.menu_rect)
301 surface.blit(self.panel_image, self.panel_rect)
302 for card in self.card_list:
303 card.draw(surface)
304 for card in self.selected_cards:
305 card.draw(surface)
306
307 if self.selected_num == CARD_LIST_NUM:
308 surface.blit(self.button_image, self.button_rect)
鼠标图片切换
setupMouseImage 函数实现鼠标图片切换为选中的植物：
-
self.mouse_image ：根据 plant_name 获取选中的植物图片；
-
self.mouse_rect：选中植物图片的位置，在drawMouseShow函数中，需要将植物图片的位置设置成当前鼠标的位置；
-
pg.mouse.set_visible(False)：隐藏默认的鼠标显示，这样效果就是鼠标图片切换为选中的植物了。
1 def setupMouseImage(self, plant_name, plant_cost):
2 frame_list = tool.GFX[plant_name]
3 if plant_name in tool.PLANT_RECT:
4 data = tool.PLANT_RECT[plant_name]
5 x, y, width, height = data['x'], data['y'], data['width'], data['height']
6 else:
7 x, y = 0, 0
8 rect = frame_list[0].get_rect()
9 width, height = rect.w, rect.h
10
11
12 if plant_name == c.POTATOMINE or plant_name == c.SQUASH:
13 color = c.WHITE
14 else:
15 color = c.BLACK
16 self.mouse_image = tool.get_image(frame_list[0], x, y, width, height, color, 1)
17 self.mouse_rect = self.mouse_image.get_rect()
18 pg.mouse.set_visible(False)
19 self.drag_plant = True
20 self.plant_name = plant_name
21 self.plant_cost = plant_cost
22
23
24 def drawMouseShow(self, surface):
25 if self.hint_plant:
26 surface.blit(self.hint_image, self.hint_rect)
27 x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos()
28 self.mouse_rect.centerx = x
29 self.mouse_rect.centery = y
30 surface.blit(self.mouse_image, self.mouse_rect)
提示种在哪个方格中
先看下map类，代码在source\component\map.py 中：
-
self.map：二维list，用来保存每个方格的状态。每个entry初始化为 0, 表示可以种植物，值为1时表示这个方格已经种了植物。
-
getMapIndex 函数：传入参数是游戏中的坐标位置（比如当前鼠标的位置），返回该位置在地图的哪个方格中。
-
getMapGridPos 函数：传入一个方格的index，返回在该方格中种植物的坐标位置。
-
showPlant 函数：根据传入的坐标位置，判断该位置所在的方格是否能种植物，如果能种，就返回返回在该方格中种植物的坐标位置。
1 MAP_EMPTY = 0
2 MAP_EXIST = 1
3
4
5 class Map():
6 def __init__(self, width, height):
7 self.width = width
8 self.height = height
9 self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)]
10
11
12 def isValid(self, map_x, map_y):
13 if (map_x < 0 or map_x >= self.width or
14 map_y < 0 or map_y >= self.height):
15 return False
16 return True
17
18 def isMovable(self, map_x, map_y):
19 return (self.map[map_y][map_x] == c.MAP_EMPTY)
20
21 def getMapIndex(self, x, y):
22 x -= c.MAP_OFFSET_X
23 y -= c.MAP_OFFSET_Y
24 return (x // c.GRID_X_SIZE, y // c.GRID_Y_SIZE)
25
26 def getMapGridPos(self, map_x, map_y):
27 return (map_x * c.GRID_X_SIZE + c.GRID_X_SIZE//2 + c.MAP_OFFSET_X,
28 map_y * c.GRID_Y_SIZE + c.GRID_Y_SIZE//5 * 3 + c.MAP_OFFSET_Y)
29
30 def setMapGridType(self, map_x, map_y, type):
31 self.map[map_y][map_x] = type
32
33
34 def getRandomMapIndex(self):
35 map_x = random.randint(0, self.width-1)
36 map_y = random.randint(0, self.height-1)
37 return (map_x, map_y)
38
39
40 def showPlant(self, x, y):
41 pos = None
42 map_x, map_y = self.getMapIndex(x, y)
43 if self.isValid(map_x, map_y) and self.isMovable(map_x, map_y):
44 pos = self.getMapGridPos(map_x, map_y)
45 return pos
代码在source\state\level.py中：
-
canSeedPlant 函数：判断当前鼠标位置能否种植物；
-
setupHintImage 函数：如果当前鼠标位置能种植物，且有选择了一个植物卡片，则设置self.hint_image 显示当前会在哪一个方格中种植物，self.hint_rect 是植物种的坐标位置。
1 def canSeedPlant(self):
2 x, y = pg.mouse.get_pos()
3 return self.map.showPlant(x, y)
4
5 def setupHintImage(self):
6 pos = self.canSeedPlant()
7 if pos and self.mouse_image:
8 if (self.hint_image and pos[0] == self.hint_rect.x and
9 pos[1] == self.hint_rect.y):
10 return
11 width, height = self.mouse_rect.w, self.mouse_rect.h
12 image = pg.Surface([width, height])
13 image.blit(self.mouse_image, (0, 0), (0, 0, width, height))
14 image.set_colorkey(c.BLACK)
15 image.set_alpha(128)
16 self.hint_image = image
17 self.hint_rect = image.get_rect()
18 self.hint_rect.centerx = pos[0]
19 self.hint_rect.bottom = pos[1]
20 self.hint_plant = True
21 else:
22 self.hint_plant = False
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/4403178/blog/4357558