Why the following code compiles with `c++03` but not with `c++11`

问题

I am using the boost::python library in this tiny mwe.

#include <deque>
#include <boost/python.hpp>

typedef std::deque<long unsigned int>  DequeUInt64;

BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE_INIT(tmp) {

boost::python::class_<DequeUInt64>("DequeUInt64")
  .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)
  .def("push_front" ,&DequeUInt64::push_front);

} 

I observed that the code above compiles with std=c++03 and gnu++03 but not with c++11 or c++0x. The error is:

tmp.cpp: In function 'void init_module_tmp()':
tmp.cpp:8:47: error: no matching function for call to 'boost::python::class_<std::deque<long unsigned int> >::def(const char [10], <unresolved overloaded function type>)'
     .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)
                                               ^
In file included [from /opt/local/include/boost/python.hpp:18:0], [from tmp.cpp:2]:
/opt/local/include/boost/python/class.hpp:223:11: 
   note: candidate: 
       template<class Derived> boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::self& 
                               boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::def(const boost::python::def_visitor<Derived>&) 
                               [with Derived = Derived; 
                                     W = std::deque<long unsigned int>; 
                                     X1 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                                     X2 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                                     X3 = boost::python::detail::not_specified]
       self& def(def_visitor<Derived> const& visitor)
       ^
   note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
tmp.cpp:8:47: 
   note:  mismatched types 'const boost::python::def_visitor<U>' and 'const char [10]'
          .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)
                                           ^
In file included [from /opt/local/include/boost/python.hpp:18:0], [from tmp.cpp:2]:
/opt/local/include/boost/python/class.hpp:233:11: 
   note: candidate: 
       template<class F> boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::self& 
                         boost::python::class_<T, X1, X2, X3>::def(const char*, F) 
                         [with F = F; 
                               W = std::deque<long unsigned int>; 
                               X1 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                               X2 = boost::python::detail::not_specified; 
                               X3 = boost::python::detail::not_specified]
     self& def(char const* name, F f)
       ^
   note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
tmp.cpp:8:47:
   note:   couldn't deduce template parameter 'F'
     .def("push_back"  ,&DequeUInt64::push_back)

My boost is boost: stable 1.60.0 and my g++ is g++-mp-5 (MacPorts gcc5 5.4.0_0) 5.4.0. I can see that somehow the newer standard is causing problems with type/template inference but honestly I don't really understand why? Is the problem because Boost is simply not tested with c++11? What exactly does the error message above mean anyway?

回答1:

The error message gives you a clue:

unresolved overloaded function type

You pass in std::deque::push_back. Looking at a reference, you can see there are two overloads:

void push_back( const T& value );
void push_back( T&& value ); // (since C++11)

C++11 added a new overload. Therefore, passing a pointer to this as an argument becomes invalid. Likewise for push_front. Note that even before C++11, implementations are allowed to add their own overloads^{[citation needed]}.

You can cast it to the appropriate type:

.def("push_back"  ,static_cast<void(DequeUInt64::*)(DequeUInt64::const_reference)>(&DequeUInt64::push_back))
.def("push_front" ,static_cast<void(DequeUInt64::*)(DequeUInt64::const_reference)>(&DequeUInt64::push_front))

I cast it rather than specify the template argument explicitly per STL's Don't Help the Compiler talk.

You can also use a lambda if you force it to a function pointer first, per Tanner's comment:

.def("push_back"  ,+[](DequeUInt64* d, DequeUInt64::const_reference x) { return d->push_back(x); })
.def("push_front" ,+[](DequeUInt64* d, DequeUInt64::const_reference x) { return d->push_front(x); })

回答2:

The problem is that C++11 added an overload to push_back to support move semantics i.e. void push_front( T&& value );

So the compiler doesn't know which one to pick (<unresolved overloaded function type>). You have to spell it out, like this:

boost::python::class_<DequeUInt64>("DequeUInt64")
.def<void (DequeUInt64::*)( const T&)>("push_back",&DequeUInt64::push_back)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38536760/why-the-following-code-compiles-with-c03-but-not-with-c11