问题
I'm attempting to upload a csv file to this site. However, I've encountered a few issues, and I think it stems from the incorrect mimetype (maybe).
I'm attempting to manually post the file via urllib2, so my code looks as follows:
import urllib
import urllib2
import mimetools, mimetypes
import os, stat
from cStringIO import StringIO
#============================
# Note: I found this recipe online. I can't remember where exactly though..
#=============================
class Callable:
def __init__(self, anycallable):
self.__call__ = anycallable
# Controls how sequences are uncoded. If true, elements may be given multiple values by
# assigning a sequence.
doseq = 1
class MultipartPostHandler(urllib2.BaseHandler):
handler_order = urllib2.HTTPHandler.handler_order - 10 # needs to run first
def http_request(self, request):
data = request.get_data()
if data is not None and type(data) != str:
v_files = []
v_vars = []
try:
for(key, value) in data.items():
if type(value) == file:
v_files.append((key, value))
else:
v_vars.append((key, value))
except TypeError:
systype, value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
raise TypeError, "not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object", traceback
if len(v_files) == 0:
data = urllib.urlencode(v_vars, doseq)
else:
boundary, data = self.multipart_encode(v_vars, v_files)
contenttype = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary
if(request.has_header('Content-Type')
and request.get_header('Content-Type').find('multipart/form-data') != 0):
print "Replacing %s with %s" % (request.get_header('content-type'), 'multipart/form-data')
request.add_unredirected_header('Content-Type', contenttype)
request.add_data(data)
return request
def multipart_encode(vars, files, boundary = None, buf = None):
if boundary is None:
boundary = mimetools.choose_boundary()
if buf is None:
buf = StringIO()
for(key, value) in vars:
buf.write('--%s\r\n' % boundary)
buf.write('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' % key)
buf.write('\r\n\r\n' + value + '\r\n')
for(key, fd) in files:
file_size = os.fstat(fd.fileno())[stat.ST_SIZE]
filename = fd.name.split('/')[-1]
contenttype = mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or 'application/octet-stream'
buf.write('--%s\r\n' % boundary)
buf.write('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"\r\n' % (key, filename))
buf.write('Content-Type: %s\r\n' % contenttype)
# buffer += 'Content-Length: %s\r\n' % file_size
fd.seek(0)
buf.write('\r\n' + fd.read() + '\r\n')
buf.write('--' + boundary + '--\r\n\r\n')
buf = buf.getvalue()
return boundary, buf
multipart_encode = Callable(multipart_encode)
https_request = http_request
import cookielib
cookies = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookies),
MultipartPostHandler)
opener.addheaders = [(
'User-agent',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.6) Gecko/20070725 Firefox/2.0.0.6'
)]
params = {"FILENAME" : open("weather_scrape.csv", 'rb'),
'CGIREF' : '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1',
'USE':'MODEL',
'MODEL':'CM',
'CROP':'APPLES',
'METHOD': 'SS',
'UNITS' : 'E',
'LOWTHRESHOLD': '50',
'UPTHRESHOLD': '88',
'CUTOFF':'H',
'COUNTY':'AL',
'ACTIVE':'Y',
'FROMMONTH':'3',
'FROMDAY':'15',
'FROMYEAR': '2013',
'THRUMONTH':'5',
'THRUDAY':'13',
'THRUYEAR':'2013',
'DATASOURCE' : 'FILE'
}
response = opener.open("http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/WEATHER/textupload.cgi", params)
Now, when I post this, all seems to be fine, until I click the submit button on the subsequent webpage that the first POST returns. I then get this error message:
ERROR (bad data) in file 'weather.csv' at line 135.
Data record = [--192.168.117.2.1.4404.1368589639.796.1--]
Too few values found. Check delimiter specification.
Now, upon investigating the post request that gets made when I do the actions in browser, I notice that the content-type is very specific, namely:
------WebKitFormBoundaryfBp6Jfhv7LlPZLKd
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="FILENAME"; filename="weather.csv"
Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel
I'm not entirely sure it the content-type is what's causing the error, but.. it's what I'm currently ruling out (as I don't know what is actually going wrong.) I don't see any way to set the content type via urllib2, so after some googling, I stumbled upon urllib3.
Urllib3 has a build in file posting capability, but I'm not entirely sure how to use it.
Filepost
urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(fields, boundary=None)
Encode a dictionary of fields using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
Parameters:
fields –
Dictionary of fields or list of (key, value) or (key, value, MIME type) field tuples. The key is treated as the field name, and the value as the body of the form-data bytes. If the value is a tuple of two elements, then the first element is treated as the filename of the form-data section and a suitable MIME type is guessed based on the filename. If the value is a tuple of three elements, then the third element is treated as an explicit MIME type of the form-data section.
Field names and filenames must be unicode.
boundary – If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using mimetools.choose_boundary().
urllib3.filepost.iter_fields(fields)
Iterate over fields.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts.
Using this library, I tried encoding the values as a decribes in the doc, but I'm getting errors.
I tried initially, just to test things out, as a dict.
params = {"FILENAME" : open("weather.csv", 'rb'),
'CGIREF' : '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1',
'USE':'MODEL',
'MODEL':'CM',
'CROP':'APPLES',
'METHOD': 'SS',
'UNITS' : 'E',
'LOWTHRESHOLD': '50',
'UPTHRESHOLD': '88',
'CUTOFF':'H',
'COUNTY':'AL',
'ACTIVE':'Y',
'FROMMONTH':'3',
'FROMDAY':'15',
'FROMYEAR': '2013',
'THRUMONTH':'5',
'THRUDAY':'13',
'THRUYEAR':'2013',
'DATASOURCE' : 'FILE'
}
values = urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(params)
however, this raises the following error:
values = urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(params)
File "c:\python27\lib\site-packages\urllib3-dev-py2.7.egg\urllib3\filepost.py", line 90, in encode_multipart_formdata
body.write(data)
TypeError: 'file' does not have the buffer interface
Not sure what caused it, I tried passing in a list of tuples (key, value, mimetype), but that also throws an error:
params = [
("FILENAME" , open("weather_scrape.csv"), 'application/vnd.ms-excel'),
('CGIREF' , '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1'),
('USE','MODEL'),
('MODEL','CM'),
('CROP','APPLES'),
('METHOD', 'SS'),
('UNITS' , 'E'),
('LOWTHRESHOLD', '50'),
('UPTHRESHOLD', '88'),
('CUTOFF','H'),
('COUNTY','AL'),
('ACTIVE','Y'),
('FROMMONTH','3'),
('FROMDAY','15'),
('FROMYEAR', '2013'),
('THRUMONTH','5'),
('THRUDAY','13'),
('THRUYEAR','2013'),
('DATASOURCE' , 'FILE)')
]
values = urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata(params)
>>ValueError: too many values to unpack
回答1:
If you wanted to use urllib3 for this, it would look something like this:
import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager()
headers = urllib3.make_headers(user_agent='Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.6) Gecko/20070725 Firefox/2.0.0.6')
url = "http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/WEATHER/textupload.cgi"
csv_data = open("weather_scrape.csv").read()
params = {
"FILENAME": csv_data,
'CGIREF': '/calludt.cgi/DDFILE1',
'USE': 'MODEL',
'MODEL': 'CM',
'CROP': 'APPLES',
'METHOD': 'SS',
'UNITS' : 'E',
'LOWTHRESHOLD': '50',
'UPTHRESHOLD': '88',
'CUTOFF': 'H',
'COUNTY': 'AL',
'ACTIVE': 'Y',
'FROMMONTH': '3',
'FROMDAY': '15',
'FROMYEAR': '2013',
'THRUMONTH': '5',
'THRUDAY': '13',
'THRUYEAR': '2013',
'DATASOURCE' : 'FILE',
}
response = http.request('POST', url, params, headers)
I couldn't test this with your target url and csv data set, so it may have some small bugs in it. But that's the general idea.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16573809/multipart-form-encoding-and-posting-with-urllib3