问题
It looks like postgres upper/lower
function does not handle select characters in Turkish character set.
select upper('Aaı'), lower('Aaİ') from mytable;
returns :
AAı, aaİ
instead of :
AAI, aai
Note that normal english characters are converted correctly, but not the Turkish I (lower or upper)
Postgres version: 9.2 32 bit
Database encoding (Same result in any of these): UTF-8, WIN1254, C
Client encoding:
UTF-8, WIN1254, C
OS: Windows 7 enterprise edition 64bit
SQL functions lower
and upper
return the following same bytes for ı and İ on UTF-8 encoded database
\xc4b1
\xc4b0
And the following on WIN1254 (Turkish) encoded database
\xfd
\xdd
I hope my investigation is wrong, and there is something I missed.
回答1:
Your problem is 100% Windows. (Or rather Microsoft Visual Studio, which PostgreSQL was built with, to be more precise.)
For the record, SQL UPPER
ends up calling Windows' LCMapStringW (via towupper via str_toupper) with almost all the right parameters (locale 1055 Turkish for a UTF-8
-encoded, Turkish_Turkey
database),
but
the Visual Studio Runtime (towupper
) does not set the LCMAP_LINGUISTIC_CASING bit in LCMapStringW
's dwMapFlags. (I can confirm that setting it does the trick.) This is not considered a bug at Microsoft; it is by design, and will probably not ever be "fixed" (oh the joys of legacy.)
You have three ways out of this:
- implement @Sorrow's wrapper solution (or write your own native function replacement (DLL).)
- run your PostgreSQL instance on e.g. Ubuntu which exhibits the right behaviour for Turkic locales (@Sorrow confirmed that it works for him); this is probably the simplest and cleanest way out.
- drop in a patched 32-bit
MSVCR100.DLL
in your PostgreSQLbin
directory (but althoughUPPER
andLOWER
would work, other things such as collation may continue to fail -- again, at the Windows level. YMMV.)
For completeness (and nostalgic fun) ONLY, here is the procedure to patch a Windows system (but remember, unless you'll be managing this PostgreSQL instance from cradle to grave you may cause a lot of grief to your successor(s); whenever deploying a new test or backup system from scratch you or your successor(s) would have to remember to apply the patch again -- and if let's say you one day upgrade to PostgreSQL 10, which say uses MSVCR120.DLL
instead of MSVCR100.DLL
, then you'll have to try your luck with patching the new DLL, too.) On a test system
- use HxD to open
C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\MSVCR100.DLL
- save the DLL right away with the same name under you PostgreSQL
bin
directory (do not attempt to copy the file using Explorer or the command line, they might copy the 64bit version) - with the file still open in HxD, go to Search > Replace, pick Datatype: Hexvalues, then
- search for......
4E 14 33 DB 3B CB 0F 84 41 12 00 00 B8 00 01 00 00
- replace with...
4E 14 33 DB 3B CB 0F 84 41 12 00 00 B8 00 01 00 01
- ...then once more...
- search for......
FC 51 6A 01 8D 4D 08 51 68 00 02 00 00 50 E8 E2
- replace with...
FC 51 6A 01 8D 4D 08 51 68 00 02 00 01 50 E8 E2
- search for......
- ...and re-save under the PostgreSQL
bin
directory, then restart PostgreSQL and re-run your query.- if your query still does not work (make sure your database is UTF-8 encoded with
Turkish_Turkey
for bothLC_CTYPE
andLC_COLLATE
) openpostgres.exe
in 32-bit Dependency Walker and make sure it indicates it loadsMSVCR100.DLL
from the PostgreSQLbin
directory. - if all functions well copy the patched DLL to the production PostgreSQL
bin
directory and restart.
- if your query still does not work (make sure your database is UTF-8 encoded with
BUT REMEMBER, the moment you move the data off the Ubuntu system or off the patched Windows system to an unpatched Windows system you will have the problem again, and you may be unable to import this data back on Ubuntu if the Windows instance introduced duplicates in a citext
field or in a UPPER
/LOWER
-based function index.
回答2:
It seems to me that your problem is related to Windows. This is how it looks on Ubuntu (Postgres 8.4.14), database encoding UTF-8:
test=# select upper('Aaı'), lower('Aaİ');
upper | lower
-------+-------
AAI | aai
(1 row)
My recommendation would be - if you have to use Windows - to write a stored procedure that will do the conversion for you. Use built-in replace
: replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd', 'XX')
returns abXXefabXXef
. There might be a more optimal solution, I do not claim that this approach is the correct one.
回答3:
This is indeed bug in PostgreSQL (still not fixed, even in current git tree). Proof: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/master/src/port/pgstrcasecmp.c
PostgreSQL developers even mention specifically those Turkish characters there:
SQL99 specifies Unicode-aware case normalization, which we don't yet have the infrastructure for. Instead we use tolower() to provide a locale-aware translation. However, there are some locales where this is not right either (eg, Turkish may do strange things with 'i' and 'I'). Our current compromise is to use tolower() for characters with the high bit set, and use an ASCII-only downcasing for 7-bit characters.
pg_upper()
implemented in this file is extremely simplistic (as its companion pg_tolower()
):
unsigned char
pg_toupper(unsigned char ch)
{
if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
ch += 'A' - 'a';
else if (IS_HIGHBIT_SET(ch) && islower(ch))
ch = toupper(ch);
return ch;
}
As you can see, this code does not treat its parameter as Unicode code point, and cannot possibly work 100% correctly, unless currently selected locale happens to be the one that we care for (like Turkish non-unicode locale) and OS-provided non-unicode toupper()
is working correctly.
This is really sad, I just hope that this will be solved in upcoming PostgreSQL releases...
来源:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13029824/postgres-upper-function-on-turkish-character-does-not-return-expected-result