问题
I'm trying to learn how to make a GameManager type class, and making individual classes for each of my GameScenes... probably the wrong thing to do, but for the sake of this question, please accept this as the way to do things.
My GameManager looks like this, having a reference to each of the scenes, that's static:
import SpriteKit
class GM {
static let scene2 = SecondScene()
static let scene3 = ThirdScene()
static let home = SKScene(fileNamed: "GameScene")
}
How do I create a SKScene programmatically, without size info, since they're in a subclass of SKScene and don't have any idea what the view size is, and I don't want them to need worry about this:
I'm doing this, but getting a EXC_BAD_Access at convenience override init()
class SecondScene: SKScene {
override init(size: CGSize){
super.init(size: size)
}
convenience override init(){
self.init()
self.backgroundColor = SKColor.red
self.anchorPoint = CGPoint(x: 0.5, y: 0.5)
}
}
回答1:
As I mentioned your question is a bit vague but lets do some examples of what a GameManager class can be.
Before I start lets differentiate between calling this
let scene = StartScene(size: ...)
and this
let scene = SKScene(fileNamed: "StartScene")
The 1st method, with size, is when you create your scenes all in code and you are not using the xCode visual level editor.
The 2nd method is when you are using the Xcode level editor, so you would need to create a StartScene.sks file. Its that .sks file that it looks for in fileNamed.
Now for some game manager example, lets first imagine we have 3 SKScenes.
class StartScene: SKScene {
override func didMove(to view: SKView) { ... }
}
class GameScene: SKScene {
override func didMove(to view: SKView) { ... }
}
class GameOverScene: SKScene {
override func didMove(to view: SKView) { ... }
}
Lets say you want to transition from StartScene to GameScene, you would add this code in your StartScene at the correct spot e.g when the play button is pressed. Thats the simplest way to move from one SKScene to the next, directly from the SKScene itself.
// Code only, no xCode level editor
let gameScene = GameScene(size: CGSize(...))
let transition = SKTransition...
gameScene.scaleMode = .aspectFill
view?.presentScene(gameScene, transition: transition)
// With xCode level editor (returns an optional so needs if let
// This will need the GameScene.sks file with the correct custom class set up in the inspector
// Returns optional
if let gameScene = SKScene(fileNamed: "GameScene") {
let transition = SKTransition...
gameScene.scaleMode = .aspectFill
view?.presentScene(gameScene, transition: transition)
}
Now for some actual examples of GameManagers, Im sure you know about some of them already.
EXAMPLE 1
Lets say we want a scene loading manager. You approach with static methods will not work because a new instance of SKScene needs be created when you transition to one, otherwise stuff like enemies etc will not reset. Your approach with static methods means you would use the same instance every time and that is no good.
I personally use a protocol extension for this. Create a new .swift file and call it SceneLoaderManager or something and add this code
enum SceneIdentifier: String {
case start = "StartScene"
case game = "GameScene"
case gameOver = "GameOverScene"
}
private let sceneSize = CGSize(width: ..., height: ...)
protocol SceneManager { }
extension SceneManager where Self: SKScene {
// No xCode level editor
func loadScene(withIdentifier identifier: SceneIdentifier) {
let scene: SKScene
switch identifier {
case .start:
scene = StartScene(size: sceneSize)
case .game:
scene = GameScene(size: sceneSize)
case .gameOver:
scene = GameOverScene(size: sceneSize)
}
let transition = SKTransition...\
scene.scaleMode = .aspectFill
view?.presentScene(scene, transition: transition)
}
// With xCode level editor
func loadScene(withIdentifier identifier: SceneIdentifier) {
guard let scene = SKScene(fileNamed: identifier.rawValue) else { return }
scene.scaleMode = .aspectFill
let transition = SKTransition...
view?.presentScene(scene, transition: transition)
}
}
Now in the 3 scenes conform to the protocol
class StartScene: SKScene, SceneManager { ... }
and call the load method like so, using 1 of the 3 enum cases as the scene identifier.
loadScene(withIdentifier: .game)
EXAMPLE 2
Lets make a game manager class for game data using the Singleton approach.
class GameData {
static let shared = GameData()
private init() { } // Private singleton init
var highscore = 0
func updateHighscore(forScore score: Int) {
guard score > highscore else { return }
highscore = score
save()
}
func save() {
// Some code to save the highscore property e.g UserDefaults or by archiving the whole GameData class
}
}
Now anywhere in your project you can say
GameData.shared.updateHighscore(forScore: SOMESCORE)
You tend to use Singleton for things where you only need 1 instance of the class. A good usage example for Singleton classes would be things such as helper classes for Game Center, InAppPurchases, GameData etc
EXAMPLE 3
Generic helper for storing some values you might need across all scenes. This uses static method approach similar to what you were trying to do. I like to use this for things such as game settings, to have them in a nice centralised spot.
class GameHelper {
static let enemySpawnTime: TimeInterval = 5
static let enemyBossHealth = 5
static let playerSpeed = ...
}
Use them like so in your scenes
... = GameHelper.playerSpeed
EXAMPLE 4
A class to manage SKSpriteNodes e.g enemies
class Enemy: SKSpriteNode {
var health = 5
init(imageNamed: String) {
let texture = SKTexture(imageNamed: imageNamed)
super.init(texture: texture, color: SKColor.clear, size: texture.size())
}
func reduceHealth(by amount: Int) {
health -= amount
}
}
Than in your scene you can create enemies using this helper class and call the methods and properties on it. This way you can add 10 enemies easily and individually manage their health etc. e.g
let enemy1 = Enemy(imageNamed: "Enemy1")
let enemy2 = Enemy(imageNamed: "Enemy2")
enemy1.reduceHealth(by: 3)
enemy2.reduceHealth(by: 1)
Its a massive answer but I hope this helps.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40515711/create-skscene-subclasses-programmatically-without-size-info