《自拍教程63》Python Testlink用例导入工具excel2xml

跟風遠走 提交于 2020-05-08 08:07:57

案例故事: Testlink是我们常用的用例管理工具,很多公司其实都在用,
Testlink 支持制定测试计划,支持多人在线同时管理维护/执行测试用例,自动生成测试报告等。
我个人也非常非常不推荐Excel线下管理测试用例,
但是官方提供的Testlink版本,是不支持Excel导入的,只能进行Xml导入。

没这个Excel导入功能,确实有点可惜了,
但是秉着Python是万能的,只是将Excel转Xml本也不是什么难事。






准备阶段
  1. 操作Excel的模块,一直首选openpyxl, 直接pip install openpyxl即可
  2. 操作Xml的模块,我建议首选ElementTree, 但是需要修改其源代码,原因如下3,4步。
  3. 根据Testlink官方提供的文档,如果单独一条用例,其xml如下,看着晕乎,别怂,就是干!
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<testcases>
    <testcase internalid="1" name="VTS测试——arm64-v8a VtsFastbootVerification">
        <externalid />
        <version>
            <![CDATA[1]]>
        </version>
        <summary>
            <![CDATA[VTS测试——arm64-v8a VtsFastbootVerification]]>
        </summary>
        <preconditions>
            <![CDATA[Android设备已经通过USB连接上Ubuntu系统]]>
        </preconditions>
        <execution_type>
            <![CDATA[2]]>
        </execution_type>
        <importance>
            <![CDATA[1]]>
        </importance>
		<status>
            <![CDATA[7]]>
        </status>
        <steps>
            <step>
                <step_number>
                    <![CDATA[1]]>
                </step_number>
                <actions>
                    <![CDATA[Step1:  运行vts-tradefed进入vts控制台]]>
                </actions>
                <expectedresults>
                    <![CDATA[Result1: 成功进入vts控制台]]>
                </expectedresults>
                <execution_type>
                    <![CDATA[2]]>
                </execution_type>
            </step>
            <step>
                <step_number>
                    <![CDATA[2]]>
                </step_number>
                <actions>
                    <![CDATA[Step2:  执行run vts -m VtsFastbootVerification]]>
                </actions>
                <expectedresults>
                    <![CDATA[Result2: 运行结果Pass,vts测试通过]]>
                </expectedresults>
                <execution_type>
                    <![CDATA[2]]>
                </execution_type>
            </step>
        </steps>
        <keywords>
            <keyword name="Android 9">
                <notes>
                    <![CDATA[]]>
                </notes>
            </keyword>
        </keywords>
    </testcase>
</testcases>

4.由以上Xml可以看到,有一个很奇怪的![CDATA[**]],
被这个标记所包含的内容将表示为纯文本,不应被XML解析器进行解析,
但是这种这个标记,Python自带的ElementTree无法正常生成,
于是我多番研究后,修改了ElementTree的源代码,增加了901,902行,

可以到本素材案例处下载就是etree这个文件夹,
本案例import的etree可以理解成第三方的模块,非官方的ElementTree模块。
5. 我们需要设定测试用例Excel模板如下:

6. 我们本次需要考虑实现批量转换多个Excel, 输入是Excel_Input,
运行excel2xml.py后输出是XML_Output, 其文件目录如下:














Python面向对象类形式

由于本案例涉及的代码有些许难度,且相对较长,
直接以面向对象类的形式来进行建模及程序设计。

建模:先设想有这么一个空白的世界,这个世界需要哪些类型的事物(名词)。
我们需要两个类,一个是ExcelReader类用于读取Excel获取Cases数据,
一个是XMLWriter类,用于将以上获取的Excel数据写入Xml文件里去。

# coding=utf-8

import os
import re
import shutil
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from etree.ElementTree import ElementTree, Element, SubElement

SUMMARY_COL = 1  # 用例标题
PRECONDITION_COL = 2  # 预置条件
EXECUTETYPE_COL = 3  # 用例的执行方式,手动和自动两种
IMPORTANCE_COL = 4  # 用例的优先级
STEPS_COL = 5  # 用例的执行步骤
EXCEPTED_RESULT_COL = 6  # 用例的预期结果
KEYWORD_COL = 7  # 用例所属的项目


class ExcelReader(object):
    """Read Excel file and get all cases contents"""

    def __init__(self, excel_file):
        self.excel_file = excel_file

    def __parse_steps(self, steps_str):
        """需要解析切割Step1:XXXXStep2:XXXXStep3:XXXXX并获取各执行步骤Step的具体文本"""
        steps_str = steps_str + " "
        new_steps_list = []
        number_list = []
        steps_count = 1
        for i in range(1, 20):
            if ("Step%s" % i in steps_str):
                steps_count = i
            else:
                break
        for x in range(1, steps_count + 1):
            number_list.append(int(steps_str.find("Step%s" % x)))
        number_list.append(-1)
        for j in range(0, len(number_list) - 1):
            new_steps_list.append(steps_str[number_list[j]:number_list[j + 1]])
        return new_steps_list

    def __parse_results(self, result_str):
        """需要解析切割Result1:XXXXResult2:XXXXResult3:XXXXX并获取各预期结果Result的具体文本"""
        result_str = result_str + " "
        new_result_list = []
        number_list = []
        steps_count = 1
        for i in range(1, 20):
            if ("Result%s" % i in result_str):
                steps_count = i
            else:
                break
        for x in range(1, steps_count + 1):
            number_list.append(int(result_str.find("Result%s" % x)))
        number_list.append(-1)
        for j in range(0, len(number_list) - 1):
            new_result_list.append(result_str[number_list[j]:number_list[j + 1]])
        return new_result_list

    def get_all_cases(self):
        """读取到Excel所有的测试用例并写入一个列表存储起来 """
        all_case_list = []
        excel = load_workbook(self.excel_file)
        _, excel_name = os.path.split(self.excel_file)

        sheet = excel.active
        max_rows = sheet.max_row
        for row_num in range(2, max_rows):
            print("正在处理%s文件的第%s行" % (excel_name, row_num))
            casedict = {}
            summary = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=SUMMARY_COL).value
            # print(summary)
            if summary:
                precondition = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=PRECONDITION_COL).value
                execution_type = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=EXECUTETYPE_COL).value
                importance = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=IMPORTANCE_COL).value
                steps = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=STEPS_COL).value
                excepted_results = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=EXCEPTED_RESULT_COL).value
                keyword = sheet.cell(row=row_num, column=KEYWORD_COL).value
                if keyword == None:
                    keyword = ""
                casedict["internalid"] = "1"
                casedict["summary"] = summary
                casedict["status"] = "7"
                casedict["preconditions"] = precondition
                casedict["keyword"] = keyword
                if (importance == "" or importance == None):
                    print(u"格式错误, 第%s行, \"优先级\"列, 不能为空!" % row_num)
                    return None
                else:
                    importance = importance.strip()
                    importance = importance.capitalize()  # 首字母大写
                    if (importance == "Medium" or importance == "M"):
                        casedict["importance"] = "2"
                    elif (importance == "High" or importance == "H"):
                        casedict["importance"] = "3"
                    elif (importance == "Low" or importance == "L"):
                        casedict["importance"] = "1"
                    else:
                        print(u"优先级错误, 第%s行, \"优先级\"列, 必须是High, Medium, Low 或者H, M, L!" % row_num)
                        return None
                if (execution_type != '手动' and execution_type != "自动" and execution_type != "手工"):
                    print(u"格式错误, 第%s行, \"执行方式\"列, 必须为\"手动\"或\"自动\"!" % row_num)
                    return None
                else:
                    if (execution_type == u"手动"):
                        casedict["execution_type"] = "1"
                    else:
                        casedict["execution_type"] = "2"
                if ("Step1" not in steps):
                    print(u"格式错误,  第%s行, \"测试步骤\"列,必须以Step1:, Step2:, Step3:...等进行格式化!" % row_num)
                    return None
                else:
                    steps_list = self.__parse_steps(steps)
                    for i in range(1, len(steps_list) + 1):
                        casedict["step" + str(i)] = steps_list[i - 1]
                if not (re.match(r".*Result.*", excepted_results)):
                    print(u"格式错误,  第%s行, \"期望结果\"列,必须以Result1:, Result2:, Result3:...等进行格式化!" % row_num)
                    return None
                else:
                    result_list = self.__parse_results(excepted_results)
                    for i in range(1, len(result_list) + 1):
                        casedict["result" + str(i)] = result_list[i - 1]
                all_case_list.append(casedict)
            else:
                break
        # print(allcase_list)
        return all_case_list


class XmlWriter():
    '''Write to XML'''

    def __init__(self, all_cases_list, save_path):
        self.all_cases_list = all_cases_list
        self.save_path = save_path

    def write_xml(self):
        xml_file = ElementTree()
        testcases_node = Element("testcases")
        xml_file._setroot(testcases_node)
        for eachcase in self.all_cases_list:
            testcase_node = Element("testcase", {"internalid": eachcase["internalid"], "name": eachcase["summary"]})
            try:
                SubElement(testcase_node, "externalid").append(CDATA(eachcase["externalid"]))
            except:
                pass
            try:
                SubElement(testcase_node, "version").append(CDATA(eachcase["version"]))
            except:
                pass
            SubElement(testcase_node, "summary").append(CDATA(eachcase["summary"]))
            SubElement(testcase_node, "preconditions").append(CDATA(eachcase["preconditions"]))
            SubElement(testcase_node, "execution_type").append(CDATA(eachcase["execution_type"]))
            SubElement(testcase_node, "importance").append(CDATA(eachcase["importance"]))
            SubElement(testcase_node, "status").append(CDATA(eachcase["status"]))
            stepsnode = SubElement(testcase_node, "steps")
            for i in range(1, 20):
                try:
                    step = eachcase["step" + str(i)]
                    result = eachcase["result" + str(i)]
                    stepnode = SubElement(stepsnode, "step")
                    SubElement(stepnode, "step_number").append(CDATA(str(i)))
                    SubElement(stepnode, "actions").append(CDATA(self.__remove_step_num(step)))
                    SubElement(stepnode, "expectedresults").append(CDATA(self.__remove_result_num(result)))
                    SubElement(stepnode, "execution_type").append(CDATA(eachcase["execution_type"]))
                except:
                    break
            try:
                keywords_node = SubElement(testcase_node, "keywords")
                keyword_node = SubElement(keywords_node, "keyword", {"name": eachcase["keyword"]})
                SubElement(keyword_node, "notes").append(CDATA(""))
            except:
                pass

            testcases_node.append(testcase_node)
        self.__indent(testcases_node)
        xml_file.write(self.save_path, encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)
        return xml_file

    def __remove_step_num(self, text=None):
        """# 剔除Step :字符"""
        step_text = re.sub(r"Step\s+:", "", text)
        return step_text

    def __remove_result_num(self, text=None):
        """# 剔除Result :字符"""
        result_text = re.sub(r"Result\s+:", "", text)
        return result_text

    def __indent(self, elem, level=0):
        i = "\n" + level * "    "
        if len(elem):
            if not elem.text or not str(elem.text).strip():
                elem.text = i + "    "
            for e in elem:
                # print e
                self.__indent(e, level + 1)
            if not e.tail or not e.tail.strip():
                e.tail = i
        if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
            elem.tail = i
        return elem


def CDATA(text=None):  # 为了配合显示xml里的CDATA格式化,本处全部采用大写形式。
    """生成CDATA标签相关xml数据"""
    element = Element("CDATA")
    element.text = text
    return element


if __name__ == '__main__':
    curpath = os.getcwd()
    excel_folder = os.path.join(curpath, "Excel_Input")
    excel_list = os.listdir(excel_folder)

    xml_folder = os.path.join(curpath, "XML_Output")

    # 先删除之前的老的XML_Output文件夹
    try:
        shutil.rmtree(xml_folder)
    except:
        pass

    if not os.path.exists(xml_folder):
        os.mkdir(xml_folder)

    # 批量逐个解析Excel
    for each_excel in excel_list:
        print("*" * 60)
        print("正在处理%s" % each_excel)
        print("*" * 60)
        e_obj = ExcelReader("%s%s%s" % (excel_folder, os.sep, each_excel))
        all_cases_list = e_obj.get_all_cases()
        excel_name, posfix = os.path.splitext(each_excel)
        x_obj = XmlWriter(all_cases_list, "%s%s%s.xml" % (xml_folder, os.sep, excel_name))
        x_obj.write_xml()

    print("\nExcel to XML全部处理完毕! XML生成到了XML_Output文件夹!")
    os.system("pause")


本案例素材下载

包括:测试用例模板,etree包(含ElementTree),Python脚本
跳转到自拍教程官网下载
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Testlink导入效果

跳转到官网查看Excel转XML,并导入Testlink的视频。


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