问题
I need to backup various file types to GDrive (not just those convertible to GDocs formats) from some linux server.
What would be the simplest, most elegant way to do that with a python script? Would any of the solutions pertaining to GDocs be applicable?
回答1:
You can use the Documents List API to write a script that writes to Drive:
https://developers.google.com/google-apps/documents-list/
Both the Documents List API and the Drive API interact with the same resources (i.e. same documents and files).
This sample in the Python client library shows how to upload an unconverted file to Drive:
http://code.google.com/p/gdata-python-client/source/browse/samples/docs/docs_v3_example.py#180
回答2:
The current documentation for saving a file to google drive using python can be found here: https://developers.google.com/drive/v3/web/manage-uploads
However, the way that the google drive api handles document storage and retrieval does not follow the same architecture as POSIX file systems. As a result, if you wish to preserve the hierarchical architecture of the nested files on your linux file system, you will need to write a lot of custom code so that the parent directories are preserved on google drive.
On top of that, google makes it difficult to gain write access to a normal drive account. Your permission scope must include the following link: https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive and to obtain a token to access a user's normal account, that user must first join a group to provide access to non-reviewed apps. And any oauth token that is created has a limited shelf life.
However, if you obtain an access token, the following script should allow you to save any file on your local machine to the same (relative) path on google drive.
def migrate(file_path, access_token, drive_space='drive'):
'''
a method to save a posix file architecture to google drive
NOTE: to write to a google drive account using a non-approved app,
the oauth2 grantee account must also join this google group
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/risky-access-by-unreviewed-apps
:param file_path: string with path to local file
:param access_token: string with oauth2 access token grant to write to google drive
:param drive_space: string with name of space to write to (drive, appDataFolder, photos)
:return: string with id of file on google drive
'''
# construct drive client
import httplib2
from googleapiclient import discovery
from oauth2client.client import AccessTokenCredentials
google_credentials = AccessTokenCredentials(access_token, 'my-user-agent/1.0')
google_http = httplib2.Http()
google_http = google_credentials.authorize(google_http)
google_drive = discovery.build('drive', 'v3', http=google_http)
drive_client = google_drive.files()
# prepare file body
from googleapiclient.http import MediaFileUpload
media_body = MediaFileUpload(filename=file_path, resumable=True)
# determine file modified time
import os
from datetime import datetime
modified_epoch = os.path.getmtime(file_path)
modified_time = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(modified_epoch).isoformat()
# determine path segments
path_segments = file_path.split(os.sep)
# construct upload kwargs
create_kwargs = {
'body': {
'name': path_segments.pop(),
'modifiedTime': modified_time
},
'media_body': media_body,
'fields': 'id'
}
# walk through parent directories
parent_id = ''
if path_segments:
# construct query and creation arguments
walk_folders = True
folder_kwargs = {
'body': {
'name': '',
'mimeType' : 'application/vnd.google-apps.folder'
},
'fields': 'id'
}
query_kwargs = {
'spaces': drive_space,
'fields': 'files(id, parents)'
}
while path_segments:
folder_name = path_segments.pop(0)
folder_kwargs['body']['name'] = folder_name
# search for folder id in existing hierarchy
if walk_folders:
walk_query = "name = '%s'" % folder_name
if parent_id:
walk_query += "and '%s' in parents" % parent_id
query_kwargs['q'] = walk_query
response = drive_client.list(**query_kwargs).execute()
file_list = response.get('files', [])
else:
file_list = []
if file_list:
parent_id = file_list[0].get('id')
# or create folder
# https://developers.google.com/drive/v3/web/folder
else:
if not parent_id:
if drive_space == 'appDataFolder':
folder_kwargs['body']['parents'] = [ drive_space ]
else:
del folder_kwargs['body']['parents']
else:
folder_kwargs['body']['parents'] = [parent_id]
response = drive_client.create(**folder_kwargs).execute()
parent_id = response.get('id')
walk_folders = False
# add parent id to file creation kwargs
if parent_id:
create_kwargs['body']['parents'] = [parent_id]
elif drive_space == 'appDataFolder':
create_kwargs['body']['parents'] = [drive_space]
# send create request
file = drive_client.create(**create_kwargs).execute()
file_id = file.get('id')
return file_id
PS. I have modified this script from the labpack python module. There is class called driveClient in that module written by rcj1492 which handles saving, loading, searching and deleting files on google drive in a way that preserves the POSIX file system.
from labpack.storage.google.drive import driveClient
回答3:
I found that PyDrive handles the Drive API elegantly, and it also has great documentation (especially walking the user through the authentication part).
EDIT: Combine that with the material on Automating pydrive verification process and Pydrive google drive automate authentication, and that makes for some great documentation to get things going. Hope it helps those who are confused about where to start.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10830820/how-to-upload-a-file-to-google-drive-using-a-python-script