上一篇中我们把基本的运行环境搭建完成了,这一篇中,我们实战通过树莓派B+连接HC-SR04超声波测距传感器,用c# GPIO控制传感器完成距离测定,并将距离显示在网页上.
1.HC-SR04接线
传感器如下图:
HC-SR04 模块可以测量 3cm – 4m 的距离,精确度可以达到 3mm.这个模块包括 超声波发射器、超声波接收器和控制电路三部分.该传感器有4个引脚:
VCC, 超声波模块电源脚,接5V电源即可
Trig, 超声波发送脚
Echo,超声波接收检测脚
GND,接地
1.1HC-SR04超声波模块工作原理:
(1) 树莓派向 Trig 脚发送一个至少 10us 的脉冲信号。
(2) HC-SR04 接收到信号,开始发送超声波,并把 Echo置为高电平,然后准备接收返回的超声波
(3) HC-SR04 接收到返回的超声波,把 Echo 置为低电平。
(4) Echo 高电平持续的时间就是超声波从发射到返回的时间间隔。
(5) 计算距离:距离(单位:m) = (start - end) * 声波速度 / 2
1.2 接线
4 个引脚由 2 个电源引脚(Vcc 、GND)和 2 个控制引脚(Trig、Echo)组成。
Vcc 和 Gnd 接 5v DC 电源,但不推荐用独立电源给它供电,应使用树莓派的 GPIO 口输出 5v 和 Gnd 给它供电。不然会影响这个模块的运行。
Trig 引脚用来接收来自树莓派的控制信号。接任意 GPIO 口。
Echo 引脚用来发送测距结果给树莓派。接任意 GPIO 口。
对应树莓派40pin引脚对照表:
我这里把Trlg接到23,Echo接到24,VCC接到5V,(BCM编码方式)GND接GND:
这样线就接好了.开始编码阶段.
2.c# 程序
打开上一章建立的空项目首先在Models新建一个类 SiteConfig:
public class SiteConfig
{
/// <summary>
/// 超声波控制端 默认23
/// </summary>
public int TriggerPin { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 超声波接收端 默认24
/// </summary>
public int EchoPin { get; set; }
}
之后在 appsettings.json 中添加 这个节点:
"SiteConfig": {
"TriggerPin": 23,
"EchoPin": 24,
}
在 Startup.cs 类的ConfigureServices 方法添加
services.Configure<SiteConfig>(Configuration.GetSection("SiteConfig"));
这样通过依赖注入我们就可以使用我们配置的变量了.这些无关紧要的东西写完后,我们在项目中新建文件夹 Playground 并在这个文件下建立Ultrasonic文件夹:
在Ultrasonic里面建立三个文件 IHcsr04Client.cs,Hcsr04Client.cs,Hcsr04ReadEventArgs.cs
IHcsr04Client:
public interface IHcsr04Client
{
event EventHandler<Hcsr04ReadEventArgs> OnDataAvailable;
void Start();
void Stop();
}
Hcsr04Client:
public class Hcsr04Client : IHcsr04Client
{
private readonly int _echo;
private readonly int _trigger;
private int _lastMeasurment = 0;
public const int NoObstacleDistance = -1;
private readonly object _locker = new object();
private readonly GpioController _controller;
private readonly Stopwatch _timer = new Stopwatch();
public event EventHandler<Hcsr04ReadEventArgs> OnDataAvailable;
public bool IsRunning { get; set; }
public Hcsr04Client(IOptions<SiteConfig> option, GpioController controller)
{
_echo = option.Value.EchoPin;
_trigger = option.Value.TriggerPin;
_controller = controller;
}
public void Start()
{
lock (_locker)
{
IsRunning = true;
if (!_controller.IsPinOpen(_echo))
_controller.OpenPin(_echo, PinMode.Input);
if (!_controller.IsPinOpen(_trigger))
{
_controller.OpenPin(_trigger, PinMode.Output);
_controller.Write(_trigger, PinValue.Low);
}
Task.Run(() => PerformContinuousReads());
}
}
public void Stop()
{
lock (_locker)
{
IsRunning = false;
if (_controller.IsPinOpen(_trigger))
_controller.ClosePin(_trigger);
if (_controller.IsPinOpen(_echo))
_controller.ClosePin(_echo);
}
}
private void PerformContinuousReads()
{
while (IsRunning)
{
var sensorData = RetrieveSensorData();
if (!IsRunning) continue;
OnDataAvailable?.Invoke(this, sensorData);
Thread.Sleep(200);
}
}
private Hcsr04ReadEventArgs RetrieveSensorData()
{
try
{
_timer.Reset();
while (Environment.TickCount - _lastMeasurment < 60)
{
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(Environment.TickCount - _lastMeasurment));
}
_controller.Write(_trigger, PinValue.High); // trigger上高电平
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(0.01)); // 持续一段时间,发出足够的脉冲
_controller.Write(_trigger, PinValue.Low); // 设置低电平
if (!GpioEX.WaitForValue(_controller, _echo, PinValue.Low)) // echo等待低电平结束,记录时间
throw new TimeoutException();
_lastMeasurment = Environment.TickCount;
_timer.Start();
if (!GpioEX.WaitForValue(_controller, _echo, PinValue.High)) // echo等待高电平结束,记录时间
throw new TimeoutException();
_timer.Stop();
TimeSpan elapsed = _timer.Elapsed;
var distance = elapsed.TotalMilliseconds / 2.0 * 34.3;
return new Hcsr04ReadEventArgs(distance);
}
catch
{
return Hcsr04ReadEventArgs.CreateInvalidReading();
}
}
}
Hcsr04ReadEventArgs:
public class Hcsr04ReadEventArgs : EventArgs
{
internal Hcsr04ReadEventArgs(double distance)
{
Distance = distance;
}
private Hcsr04ReadEventArgs(bool isValid) : this(Hcsr04Client.NoObstacleDistance)
{
IsValid = isValid;
}
/// <summary>
/// 读数是否有效.
/// </summary>
public bool IsValid { get; } = true;
/// <summary>
/// 是否检测到任何障碍物.
/// </summary>
public bool HasObstacles => Distance != Hcsr04Client.NoObstacleDistance;
/// <summary>
/// 获取到障碍物的实际距离,以厘米为单位.
/// </summary>
public double Distance { get; }
internal static Hcsr04ReadEventArgs CreateInvalidReading() => new Hcsr04ReadEventArgs(false);
最后在注入到服务:
services.AddSingleton<IHcsr04Client, Hcsr04Client>();
代码都非常简单,也有相关注释.大家看一眼就懂了.之后就是网网页上展示了.
先弄一个Controller,在Controllers文件新建一个Hcsr04Controller和CarController的控制器:
public class Hcsr04Controller : Controller
{
public static string iscsb = "stop";
private readonly IHcsr04Client _hcsr04;
private readonly IHubContext<ChatHub> _chatHub;
public Hcsr04Controller(IHcsr04Client hcsr04, IHubContext<ChatHub> chatHub)
{
_hcsr04 = hcsr04;
_chatHub = chatHub;
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Hcsr04On()
{
_hcsr04.OnDataAvailable += async (s, e) =>
{
if (!e.IsValid)
{
await _chatHub.Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", "1", "声波没有返回,被折射掉了.");
}
else if (e.HasObstacles)
{
await _chatHub.Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", "1", $"距离:{e.Distance:N2}cm.");
}
else
{
await _chatHub.Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", "1", "未检测到障碍物.");
}
};
_hcsr04.Start();
iscsb = "start";
await _chatHub.Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", "50", "开启超声波通知.");
return Content("超声波打开");
}
public async Task<IActionResult> Hcsr04Off()
{
_hcsr04.Stop();
iscsb = "stop";
await _chatHub.Clients.All.SendAsync("ReceiveMessage", "51", "超声波关闭通知.");
return Content("超声波关闭");
}
}
我这里面使用了signalR,方便数据到达时候在web上面展示,SignalR的内容这里就不说了,就是简单的使用.
CarController就什么都不用改了.之后新建一个视图:
代码:
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "智能小车控制面板";
}
@section Css{
<link href="~/css/car.css" rel="stylesheet" />
}
<div class="text-center">
<h5 class="display-4">控制面板</h5>
<p>温度:<span id="wd">35°C</span> 湿度:<span id="sd">50%</span></p>
</div>
<ul class="Switch">
<li>
<input type="checkbox" name="Storage" id="csb" onclick="KZCSB(this)" />
超声波
<label for="csb"><em></em></label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="checkbox" name="Storage2" id="bz" onclick="KZBZ(this)" />
红外避障
<label for="bz"><em></em></label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="checkbox" name="Storage2" id="wf" onclick="KZWIFIYK(this)" checked="checked" />
WiFi遥控
<label for="wf"><em></em></label>
</li>
<li>
<input type="checkbox" name="Storage2" id="hw" onclick="KZHWYK(this)" />
红外遥控
<label for="hw"><em></em></label>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="control-wrapper">
<div class="control-btn control-top" id="up" onclick="carmove(this,'up')">
<i class="fa fa-chevron-up">∧</i>
<div class="control-inner-btn control-inner"></div>
</div>
<div class="control-btn control-left" id="left" onclick="carmove(this,'left')">
<i class="fa fa-chevron-left"><</i>
<div class="control-inner-btn control-inner"></div>
</div>
<div class="control-btn control-bottom" id="down" onclick="carmove(this,'down')">
<i class="fa fa-chevron-down">∨</i>
<div class="control-inner-btn control-inner"></div>
</div>
<div class="control-btn control-right" id="right" onclick="carmove(this,'right')">
<i class="fa fa-chevron-right">></i>
<div class="control-inner-btn control-inner"></div>
</div>
<div class="control-round" id="pause" onclick="carmove(this,'pause')">
<div class="control-round-inner">
<i class="fa fa-pause-circle">P</i>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="c-box">
<div class="c-left">
<h5 style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;">超声波数据</h5>
<p id="csbdata" style="color:Red;text-align:center"></p>
</div>
<div class="c-right">
<h5 style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;">红外避障数据</h5>
<p id="bzdata" style="color:Red;text-align:center"></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<label class="demo--label">
<input class="demo--radio" type="radio" name="demo-radio" checked="checked" value="0.4">
<span class="demo--radioInput"></span>40
</label>
<label class="demo--label">
<input class="demo--radio" type="radio" name="demo-radio" value="0.6">
<span class="demo--radioInput"></span>60
</label>
<label class="demo--label">
<input class="demo--radio" type="radio" name="demo-radio" value="0.8">
<span class="demo--radioInput"></span>80
</label>
<label class="demo--label">
<input class="demo--radio" type="radio" name="demo-radio" value="1.0">
<span class="demo--radioInput"></span>100
</label>
</div>
@section Scripts{
<script src="~/js/signalr.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
if (iscsb=="start") {
$("#csb").prop("checked",true);
} else {
$("#csb").prop("checked", false);
}
});
// 控制超声波
function KZCSB(th) {
if ($(th).is(':checked')) {
$.get("/Hcsr04/Hcsr04On", function (data) {
iscsb = 'start';
console.log(data);
});
} else {
$.get("/Hcsr04/Hcsr04Off", function (data) {
$("#csbdata").empty();
iscsb = "stop";
console.log(data);
});
}
}
// signalR 接受传感器数据
var connection = new signalR.HubConnectionBuilder().withUrl("/chatHub").build();
connection.on("ReceiveMessage", function (type, msg) {
switch (type) {
case "1":
$("#csbdata").text(msg);
break; case "50":
$("#csb").prop("checked", true);break;
case "51":
$("#csb").prop("checked", false);
$("#csbdata").empty();break;
}
});
connection.start().then(function () { }).catch(function (err) {
return console.error(err.toString());
});
connection.onclose(async () => {
$("#csbdata").empty();
$("#bzdata").empty();
console.info('监听到链接关闭');
await start();
});
async function start() {
try {
await connection.start();
console.log("connected");
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
setTimeout(() => start(), 5000); // 断线重连
}
};
</script>
}
编码阶段就完成了,没啥含量,简单粗暴,能用就行.现在我们把代码生成完成把生成的一堆文件都ftp到我们树莓派的目录上面.
在树莓派上我们要重启我们的站点才能生效:
sudo systemctl restart kestrel-carapp.service
之后在浏览器输入树莓派的IP来看效果吧:
今天超声波模块就弄完了.下一章把红外避障和电机驱动上,让它跑起来
原文出处:https://www.cnblogs.com/Gorillaz/p/11818145.html
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/4382053/blog/3247809