在linux下修改环境变量,切换不同版本的python的path

霸气de小男生 提交于 2020-05-05 12:10:30

这个Linux系统下本来装了python2,而且是好几个。还装了anaconda,自带python3。我的目的是想让python环境变量默认使用python3。

 

查看当前python版本:

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ python --version
Python 2.7.5

 

用which 看一下当前使用的python的路径:

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ which python
/usr/bin/python

 

用whereis 确认所有python路径(但这个不全,因为没有anaconda):

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python2.7-config /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /etc/python /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

 

改用echo $PATH再次确认(这里也没包含anaconda):

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ echo $PATH
/appcom/kylin/bin:/appcom/hadoop/bin:/appcom/hadoop/sbin:/usr/lib/jdk/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/home/shijuan355/bin:/appcom/hadoop/bin:/appcom/hadoop/sbin:/home/shijuan355/bin:/appcom/ganglia/sbin:/appcom/ganglia/bin:/appcom/sqoop/bin:/appcom/hive/bin:/appcom/hbase/bin:/appcom/zookeeper/bin:/appcom/R/bin:/appcom/apache/bin:/appcom/oozie/bin:/appcom/btrace/bin:/appcom/storm/bin:/appcom/rocketmq//bin:/appcom/hbase/bin:/appcom/hbase/sbin:/appcom/R2/bin:/appcom/R3/bin:/appcom/spark/bin:/appcom/spark/sbin:/appcom/kafka/bin:/appcom/flume/bin:/appcom/odpp/bin:

 

用export PATH=添加python3路径:

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ export PATH=/appcom/AnacondaInstall/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

 

这时候用python --version 看还是Python 2.7.5。因为bash命令export PATH=/appcom/AnacondaInstall/anaconda3/bin:$PATH,使PATH自增,既PATH=PATH+"/appcom/AnacondaInstall/anaconda3/bin:";通常是把这行bash命令写到末尾。

 

下面采用在~/.bashrc 里添加一行“export PATH=/appcom/AnacondaInstall/anaconda3/bin:$PATH”的方式,这个只对当前用户生效,是比较稳妥的做法。

修改前的 ~/.bashrc:

[liusiyi@localhost  ~]$ cat ~/.bashrc
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions

 

修改后的 ~/.bashrc,最后多了一行:

[liusiyi@localhost  ~]$ cat ~/.bashrc
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions
export PATH=/appcom/AnacondaInstall/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

 

这时候有两个方法让这个环境变量生效。1、关闭当前终端窗口,重新打开一个新终端窗口就能生效;2、输入“source ~/.bashrc”命令,立即生效。

 

现在再来查看,python3已经成为默认的环境变量:

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ which python
/appcom/AnacondaInstall/anaconda3/bin/python

[liusiyi@localhost ~]$ python --version
Python 3.6.3 :: Anaconda, Inc.

 

还有很多其他方法能实现不同版本的python切换环境变量默认值。很多文章都讲过。

python中path路径的优先匹配顺序:https://blog.csdn.net/wangzhaotongalex/article/details/50127431

切换Python2和Python3的4种方法:https://blog.csdn.net/jasonfqw/article/details/72974187

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