CentOS7中安装MySQL5.7

 ̄綄美尐妖づ 提交于 2020-04-28 08:28:39

安装必要的组件

yum install –y autoconf automake imake libxml2-devel expat-devel cmake gcc gcc-c++ libaio libaio-devel bzr bison libtool ncurses5-devel

下载mysql源安装包

cd /tmp
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

安装mysql源

yum -y localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

检查mysql源是否安装成功

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

如果出现:

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                  45                                      
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                       59                                      
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 247

说明mysql源已经安装成功。可以修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo源,改变默认安装的mysql版本。比如要安装5.6版本,将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。改完之后的效果如下所示: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

然后,开始安装mysql

yum -y install mysql-community-server

启动mysql服务

systemctl start mysqld

重启mysql服务

systemctl restart mysqld

查看mysql启动状态

systemctl status mysqld

设置开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload

修改root本地登录密码

mysql安装完成之后,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码,然后登录mysql进行修改:

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

会如下显示

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: teYD=s(a4wcO

然后,登录mysql修改密码

mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass6!';

或者用这种方式修改密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass6!');

注意:mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件(validate_password),默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含:大小写字母、数字和特殊符号,并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误。

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息:

mysql> show variables like '%password%';
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+

validate_password_policy:密码策略,默认为MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file:密码策略文件,策略为STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length:密码最少长度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count:大小写字符长度,至少1个 
validate_password_number_count :数字至少1个 
validate_password_special_char_count:特殊字符至少1个 
上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略:

策略 检查规则
0 or LOW Length
1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密码策略

在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置,指定密码策略

vim /etc/my.cnf

# 选择0(LOW),1(MEDIUM),2(STRONG)其中一种,选择2需要提供密码字典文件

validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密码策略,添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可:

validate_password = off

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效:

systemctl restart mysqld

添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录,如果要在其它机器上连接mysql,必须修改root允许远程连接,或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户,为了安全起见,我添加一个新的帐户:

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yangxin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yangxin0917!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

修改配置

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件,在[mysqld]下添加配置,如下所示:

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

重新启动mysql服务

systemctl restart mysqld

登录mysql

mysql -uroot -p

查看数据库

mysql> show variables like '%character%';

默认编码如下所示:

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

 


另附录默认配置文件路径: 
配置文件:/etc/my.cnf 
日志文件:/var/log/var/log/mysqld.log 
服务启动脚本:/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service 
socket文件:/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

 

易学教程内所有资源均来自网络或用户发布的内容,如有违反法律规定的内容欢迎反馈
该文章没有解决你所遇到的问题?点击提问,说说你的问题,让更多的人一起探讨吧!