await/async是.NetFramework4.5出现的,是语法糖,由编译器提供的功能!
await/async 是C#保留关键字,通常是成对出现,一般的建议是:要么不用,要么用到底
- async修饰方法,可以单独出现,但是没有任何意义,而且有警告
- await在方法体,只能出现在task/async方法前面,只有await会报错
下面来使用代码来剖析async和await的用法。
一:只有一个async没有await
1 /// <summary>
2 /// 只有async没有await,会有个warn
3 /// 跟普通方法没有区别
4 /// </summary>
5 private static async void NoReturnNoAwait()
6 {
7 //主线程执行
8 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturnNoAwait Sleep before Task,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
9 Task task = Task.Run(() =>//启动新线程完成任务
10 {
11 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturnNoAwait Sleep before,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
12 Thread.Sleep(3000);
13 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturnNoAwait Sleep after,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
14 });
15
16 //主线程执行
17 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturnNoAwait Sleep after Task,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
18 }
调用如下:
1 private async static Task Test()
2 {
3 Console.WriteLine($"start 当前主线程id={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
4 {
5 NoReturnNoAwait();
6 }
7 Console.WriteLine($"end Main Thread Task ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
8 Console.Read();
9 }
运行结果如下:
如果没有使用async,这就相当于一个普通的方法,另外注意的是方法的返回值使用Task接收,可以不用直接return
二:方法有async也有await
1 /// <summary>
2 /// async/await
3 /// 不能单独await
4 /// await 只能放在task前面
5 /// 不推荐void返回值,使用Task来代替
6 /// Task和Task<T>能够使用await, Task.WhenAny, Task.WhenAll等方式组合使用。Async Void 不行
7 /// </summary>
8 private static async Task NoReturn()
9 {
10 //主线程执行
11 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturn Sleep before await,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
12 TaskFactory taskFactory = new TaskFactory();
13 Task task = taskFactory.StartNew(() =>
14 {
15 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturn Sleep before,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
16 Thread.Sleep(6000);
17 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturn Sleep after,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
18 });
19
20 await task;//主线程到这里就返回了,执行主线程任务
21 Console.WriteLine($"NoReturn Sleep after await,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
22
23 //注意上面
24 // await task;
25 // Console.WriteLine($"NoReturn Sleep after await,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
26 //等同于下面的代码
27 //task.ContinueWith(t =>
28 //{
29 // Console.WriteLine($"NoReturn Sleep after await,ThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
30 //});
31 }
调用如下:
1 private async static Task Test()
2 {
3 Console.WriteLine($"start 当前主线程id={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
4 {
5 NoReturn();
6 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
7 {
8 Thread.Sleep(3000);
9 Console.WriteLine($"Main Thread Task ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")} i={i}");
10 }
11 }
12 Console.WriteLine($"end Main Thread Task ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
13 Console.Read();
14 }
运行结果如下:
从上面结果可以看出:
1:主线程调用async/await方法,主线程遇到await返回执行后续动作,
2:await后面的代码会等着task任务的完成后再继续执行,其实就像把await后面的代码包装成一个continue的回调动作
3: 然后这个回调动作可能是Task线程,也可能是新的子线程,也可能是主线程
三:有返回值的task,如果要得到返回值,必须要t.Result
1 /// <summary>
2 /// 带返回值的Task
3 /// 要使用返回值就一定要等子线程计算完毕
4 /// </summary>
5 /// <returns>async 就只返回long</returns>
6 private static async Task<long> SumAsync()
7 {
8 Console.WriteLine($"SumAsync 111 start ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
9 long result = 0;
10
11 await Task.Run(() =>
12 {
13 for (int k = 0; k <3; k++)
14 {
15 Console.WriteLine($"SumAsync {k} await Task.Run ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
16 Thread.Sleep(1000);
17 }
18 for (long i = 0; i < 999999999; i++)
19 {
20 result += i;
21 }
22 });
23
24 Console.WriteLine($"SumFactory 111 end ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
25 await Task.Run(() =>
26 {
27 for (int k = 0; k <3; k++)
28 {
29 Console.WriteLine($"SumAsync11111 {k} await Task.Run ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
30 Thread.Sleep(1000);
31 }
32 for (long i = 0; i < 999999999; i++)
33 {
34 result += i;
35 }
36 });
37 Console.WriteLine($"SumFactory 111 end ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
38
39 return result;
40 }
调用如下:
1 private async static Task Test()
2 {
3 Console.WriteLine($"start 当前主线程id={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
4 {
5 Task<long> t = SumAsync();
6 Console.WriteLine($"Main Thread Task ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
7 long result = t.Result;//访问result 主线程等待Task的完成 等价于t.Wait();
8
9
10 Console.WriteLine($"result=={result}");
11 }
12 Console.WriteLine($"end Main Thread Task ManagedThreadId={Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
13 Console.Read();
14 }
得到的结果如下:
通过上面可以得到:如果使用t.Result 或者t.Wait()则相当于堵塞主线程,也就是等待子线程完成之后,主线程才能进行下面的操作,而await 则是不堵塞主线程
四:下面通过代码和反编译看一下async的底层是怎么实现的
1 public class AwaitAsyncILSpy
2 {
3 public static void Show()
4 {
5 Console.WriteLine($"start1 {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
6 Async();
7 Console.WriteLine($"aaa2 {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
8 }
9 private static async void Async()
10 {
11 Console.WriteLine($"ddd5 {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
12 await Task.Run(() =>
13 {
14 Thread.Sleep(500);
15 Console.WriteLine($"bbb3 {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
16 });
17 Console.WriteLine($"ccc4 {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId.ToString("00")}");
18 }
19 }
运行得到的结果根据上面的分析肯定是:15234
我们使用ILSPy来反编译dll,得到下图:
我们通过上图发现方法中加了async则会在反编译的时候增加的AsyncStateMachine状态(实现了IAsyncStateMachine接口),它实现的原理是:
初始化状态-1--执行就修改状态0--再执行就修改状态-1---执行就修改状态0---如果出现其他状态(-2)就结束了,就比如红绿灯一样,一样无限制的循环红灯-绿灯-红灯-绿灯
底层实现如下图:
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/4262536/blog/3614912