How to create Immutable List in java?

问题

I need to convert mutable list object to immutable list. What is the possible way in java?

public void action() {
    List<MutableClass> mutableList = Arrays.asList(new MutableClass("san", "UK", 21), new MutableClass("peter", "US", 34));
    List<MutableClass> immutableList = immutateList(mutableList);
}

public List<MutableClass> immutateList(List<MutableClass> mutableList){
    //some code here to make this beanList immutable
    //ie. objects and size of beanList should not be change.
    //ie. we cant add new object here.
    //ie. we cant remove or change existing one.
}

`MutableClass`

final class MutableClass {
    final String name;    
    final String address;
    final int age;
    MutableClass(String name, String address, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.age = age;
    }
}

回答1:

Once your beanList has been initialized, you can do

beanList = Collections.unmodifiableList(beanList);

to make it unmodifiable. (See Immutable vs Unmodifiable collection)

If you have both internal methods that should be able to modify the list, and public methods that should not allow modification, I'd suggest you do

// public facing method where clients should not be able to modify list    
public List<Bean> getImmutableList(int size) {
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(getMutableList(size));
}

// private internal method (to be used from main in your case)
private List<Bean> getMutableList(int size) {
    List<Bean> beanList = new ArrayList<Bean>();
    int i = 0;

    while(i < size) {
        Bean bean = new Bean("name" + i, "address" + i, i + 18);
        beanList.add(bean);
        i++;
    }
    return beanList;
}

(Your Bean objects already seem immutable.)

As a side-note: If you happen to be using Java 8+, your getMutableList can be expressed as follows:

return IntStream.range(0,  size)
                .mapToObj(i -> new Bean("name" + i, "address" + i, i + 18))
                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList::new));

回答2:

Use Collections.unmodifiableList(). You pass in your original ArrayList and it returns a list that throws an exception if you try to add, remove or shift elements. For example, use return Collections.unmodifiableList(beanList); instead of return beanList; at the end of getImmutableList(). main() will throw an exception. The Collections class has methods for all of the other common collection types besides list as well.

回答3:

In JDK 8:

List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c");
stringList = Collections.unmodifiableList(stringList);

In JDK 9:

List stringList = List.of("a", "b", "c");

reference

回答4:

From Java 10 on, List.copyOf(Collection) can be used to return an unmodifiable list from the given collection. From source code of List.copyOf method:

if the given collection is an unmodifiable List, List.copyOf() will not create a copy.
if the given collection is mutable and modified, the returned list will not reflect such modifications. Meaning they are dependent.

回答5:

If are open to using a third party library, Eclipse Collections lets you convert from MutableList to ImmutableList and back again.

MutableList<String> mutable = Lists.mutable.with("a", "b", "c");
ImmutableList<String> immutable = mutable.toImmutable();
MutableList<String> mutableAgain = immutable.toList();

This also works with primitive collections.

MutableCharList mutable = CharLists.mutable.with('a', 'b', 'c');
ImmutableCharList immutable = mutable.toImmutable();
MutableCharList mutableAgain = immutable.toList();

If you have an ArrayList as the mutable List, the following will work.

List<String> mutable = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("a", "b", "c"));
ImmutableList<String> immutable = Lists.immutable.withAll(mutable);
List<String> mutableAgain = immutable.toList();

Note: I am a committer for Eclipse Collections.

回答6:

Below solution is for making list as Immutable without using any API.

Immutable Object with ArrayList member variable

public final class Demo {

    private final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();

    public Demo() {
        list.add("A");
        list.add("B");
    }

    public List<String> getImmutableList() {
        List<String> finalList = new ArrayList<String>();
        list.forEach(s -> finalList.add(s));
        return finalList;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo obj = new Demo();
        System.out.println(obj.getImmutableList());
        obj.getImmutableList().add("C");
        System.out.println(obj.getImmutableList());
    }
}

So the actual list will not change, always output will be [A,B]

回答7:

Make it immutable instead of using directly unmodifiableList on list as otherwise still original list can be changed.

Basically unModifiable Collection is a view, So indirectly it could still be 'modified' from some other reference that is modifiable. Also as its just a readonly view of annother collection , When the source collection changes unModifiable Collection will always present with latest values.

However immutable Collection can be treated as a readonly copy of another collection and can not be modified. In this case when the source collection changes , immutable Collection do not reflect the changes

List<String> immutableList=Collections.unmodifiableList(
                            new ArrayList<String>(modifiableList));

Using guava:

import java.util.*; 
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList; 
ImmutableList<String> iList = ImmutableList.copyOf(list);

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30348292/how-to-create-immutable-list-in-java

标签

java

collections

immutability