Servlet过滤器基础及使用场景

£可爱£侵袭症+ 提交于 2020-03-27 10:17:27

Servlet过滤器详解

  一、过滤器基础

  1.Servlet过滤器是Servlet的一种特殊用法,主要用来完成一些通用的操作。比如编码的过滤,判断用户的登陆状态等等。Servlet过滤器的适用场合: 

    A.认证过滤
    B.登录和审核过滤
    C.图像转换过滤
    D.数据压缩过滤
    E.加密过滤
    F.令牌过滤
    G.资源访问触发事件过滤
  2.Servlet过滤器接口的构成:
  所有的Servlet过滤器类都必须实现javax.servlet.Filter接口。这个接口含有3个过滤器类必须实现的方法:
  方法 说明
  init(FilterConfig cfg) 这是Servlet过滤器的初始化方法,性质等同与servlet的init方法。
  doFilter(ServletRequest,ServletResponse,FilterChain) 完成实际的过滤操作,当请求访问过滤器关联的URL时,Servlet容器将先调用过滤器的doFilter方法。FilterChain参数用于访问后续过滤器
  destroy() Servlet容器在销毁过滤器实例前调用该方法,这个方法中可以释放Servlet过滤器占用的资源。,性质等同与servlet的destory()方法。
  3.Servlet过滤器的创建步骤:
    A.实现javax.servlet.Filter接口的servlet类
    B.实现init方法,读取过滤器的初始化函数
    C.实现doFilter方法,完成对请求或过滤的响应
    D.调用FilterChain接口对象的doFilter方法,向后续的过滤器传递请求或响应
    F.在web.xml中配置Filter
  二、使用过滤器处理中文问题
  当用用户登陆页面输入帐号时,如果输入是中文,后台servlet再次输出这个内容时,可能就会是乱码,这是因为serlvet中默认是以ISO-8859-1格式编码的,如果后台有多个Servlet,多个参数,这样就不合适,这个问题,我们可以通过一个过滤器统一解决,使后台的输出输出都支持中文!将ISO-8859-1转码为GBK的那段代码!
  三、使用过滤器认证用户
  每个过滤器也可以配置初始化参数,可以将不需要过滤的地址配置到这个Filter的配置参数中,过滤时,如果请求地址在配置参数中,则放行,这样 就避免了在程序中硬编码。每个Filter中初始化时,都可以得到配置对象,在Filter中配置二个不需要过滤的地址,一个是登陆页面,一个是执行登陆 认证的servlet;
  四、Servlet监听器
  类似与Swing界面应用开发,Servlet也可以创建监听器,以对Servlet容器,或Servlet中以象的事件做出反应。Servlet监听器主要有以下几种:
    ServletRequestListener ,ServletRequestAttributeListener,
    HttpSessionActivationListener ,HttpSessionBindingListener ,
    HttpSessionAttributeListener,HttpSessionListener,
    ServletContextListener等等。
  这些监听器主要用来监听session,request,application这三个对象里存取数据的变化。

 

   五、五个有用的过滤器

  1、使浏览器不缓存页面的过滤器    

 

import javax.servlet.*;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;    
import java.io.IOException;    
   
/** 
* 用于的使 Browser 不缓存页面的过滤器 
*/   
public class ForceNoCacheFilter implements Filter {    
   
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException    
{    
    ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");    
    ((HttpServletResponse) response).setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");    
    ((HttpServletResponse) response).setDateHeader ("Expires", -1);    
    filterChain.doFilter(request, response);    
}    
   
public void destroy()    
{    
}    
   
     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException    
{    
}    
}   

 

  2、检测用户是否登陆的过滤器   

import javax.servlet.*;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;    
import java.util.List;    
import java.util.ArrayList;    
import java.util.StringTokenizer;    
import java.io.IOException;    
   
/** 
* 用于检测用户是否登陆的过滤器,如果未登录,则重定向到指的登录页面 


* 配置参数 


* checkSessionKey 需检查的在 Session 中保存的关键字 

* redirectURL 如果用户未登录,则重定向到指定的页面,URL不包括 ContextPath 

* notCheckURLList 不做检查的URL列表,以分号分开,并且 URL 中不包括 ContextPath 

*/   
public class CheckLoginFilter    
implements Filter    
{    
     protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;    
     private String redirectURL = null;    
     private List notCheckURLList = new ArrayList();    
     private String sessionKey = null;    
   
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException    
{    
    HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;    
    HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;    
   
     HttpSession session = request.getSession();    
   if(sessionKey == null)    
    {    
     filterChain.doFilter(request, response);    
    return;    
    }    
   if((!checkRequestURIIntNotFilterList(request)) && session.getAttribute(sessionKey) == null)    
    {    
     response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + redirectURL);    
    return;    
    }    
    filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);    
}    
   
public void destroy()    
{    
    notCheckURLList.clear();    
}    
   
private boolean checkRequestURIIntNotFilterList(HttpServletRequest request)    
{    
    String uri = request.getServletPath() + (request.getPathInfo() == null ? "" : request.getPathInfo());    
   return notCheckURLList.contains(uri);    
}    
   
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException    
{    
   this.filterConfig = filterConfig;    
    redirectURL = filterConfig.getInitParameter("redirectURL");    
    sessionKey = filterConfig.getInitParameter("checkSessionKey");    
   
    String notCheckURLListStr = filterConfig.getInitParameter("notCheckURLList");    
   
   if(notCheckURLListStr != null)    
    {    
     StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(notCheckURLListStr, ";");    
     notCheckURLList.clear();    
    while(st.hasMoreTokens())    
     {    
      notCheckURLList.add(st.nextToken());    
     }    
    }    
}    
}  

  3、字符编码的过滤器 

 

 1 import javax.servlet.*;    
 2 import java.io.IOException;    
 3    
 4 /** 
 5 * 用于设置 HTTP 请求字符编码的过滤器,通过过滤器参数encoding指明使用何种字符编码,用于处理Html Form请求参数的中文问题 
 6 */   
 7 public class CharacterEncodingFilter    
 8 implements Filter    
 9 {    
10 protected FilterConfig filterConfig = null;    
11 protected String encoding = "";    
12    
13 public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException    
14 {    
15          if(encoding != null)    
16            servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);    
17           filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);    
18 }    
19    
20 public void destroy()    
21 {    
22     filterConfig = null;    
23     encoding = null;    
24 }    
25    
26      public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException    
27 {    
28           this.filterConfig = filterConfig;    
29          this.encoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");    
30    
31 }    
32 }  

 

  4、资源保护过滤器   

 1 import javax.servlet.Filter;    
 2 import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;    
 3 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;    
 4 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;    
 5 import javax.servlet.FilterChain;    
 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;    
 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
 8 import java.io.IOException;    
 9 import java.util.Iterator;    
10 import java.util.Set;    
11 import java.util.HashSet;    
12 //    
13 import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;    
14 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;    
15    
16 /** 
17 * This Filter class handle the security of the application. 
18 * 
19 * It should be configured inside the web.xml. 
20 * 
21 * @author Derek Y. Shen 
22 */   
23 public class SecurityFilter implements Filter {    
24 //the login page uri    
25 private static final String LOGIN_PAGE_URI = "login.jsf";    
26    
27 //the logger object    
28 private Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());    
29    
30 //a set of restricted resources    
31 private Set restrictedResources;    
32    
33 /** 
34    * Initializes the Filter. 
35    */   
36 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {    
37   this.restrictedResources = new HashSet();    
38   this.restrictedResources.add("/createProduct.jsf");    
39   this.restrictedResources.add("/editProduct.jsf");    
40   this.restrictedResources.add("/productList.jsf");    
41 }    
42    
43 /** 
44    * Standard doFilter object. 
45    */   
46 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)    
47    throws IOException, ServletException {    
48   this.logger.debug("doFilter");    
49       
50    String contextPath = ((HttpServletRequest)req).getContextPath();    
51    String requestUri = ((HttpServletRequest)req).getRequestURI();    
52       
53   this.logger.debug("contextPath = " + contextPath);    
54   this.logger.debug("requestUri = " + requestUri);    
55       
56   if (this.contains(requestUri, contextPath) && !this.authorize((HttpServletRequest)req)) {    
57    this.logger.debug("authorization failed");    
58     ((HttpServletRequest)req).getRequestDispatcher(LOGIN_PAGE_URI).forward(req, res);    
59    }    
60   else {    
61    this.logger.debug("authorization succeeded");    
62     chain.doFilter(req, res);    
63    }    
64 }    
65    
66 public void destroy() {}    
67    
68 private boolean contains(String value, String contextPath) {    
69    Iterator ite = this.restrictedResources.iterator();    
70       
71   while (ite.hasNext()) {    
72     String restrictedResource = (String)ite.next();    
73        
74    if ((contextPath + restrictedResource).equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {    
75     return true;    
76     }    
77    }    
78       
79   return false;    
80 }    
81    
82 private boolean authorize(HttpServletRequest req) {    
83    
84               //处理用户登录    
85        /* UserBean user = (UserBean)req.getSession().getAttribute(BeanNames.USER_BEAN); 
86    
87    if (user != null && user.getLoggedIn()) { 
88     //user logged in 
89     return true; 
90    } 
91    else { 
92     return false; 
93    }*/   
94 }    
95 }   

 

  5、利用Filter限制用户浏览权限  

   

import java.io.IOException;    

   
import javax.servlet.Filter;    
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;    
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;    
import javax.servlet.ServletException;    
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;    
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
   
public class RightFilter implements Filter {    
   
    public void destroy() {    
            
     }    
   
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest sreq, ServletResponse sres, FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {    
        // 获取uri地址    
         HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest)sreq;    
         String uri = request.getRequestURI();    
         String ctx=request.getContextPath();    
         uri = uri.substring(ctx.length());    
        //判断admin级别网页的浏览权限    
        if(uri.startsWith("/admin")) {    
            if(request.getSession().getAttribute("admin")==null) {    
                 request.setAttribute("message","您没有这个权限");    
                 request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(sreq,sres);    
                return;    
             }    
         }    
        //判断manage级别网页的浏览权限    
        if(uri.startsWith("/manage")) {    
            //这里省去    
             }    
         }    
        //下面还可以添加其他的用户权限,省去。    
   
     }    
   
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {    
            
     }    
   
} 
<!-- 判断页面的访问权限 -->   
  <filter>   
     <filter-name>RightFilter</filter-name>   
      <filter-class>cn.itkui.filter.RightFilter</filter-class>   
  </filter>   
  <filter-mapping>   
      <filter-name>RightFilter</filter-name>   
      <url-pattern>/admin/*</url-pattern>   
  </filter-mapping>   
  <filter-mapping>   
      <filter-name>RightFilter</filter-name>   
      <url-pattern>/manage/*</url-pattern>   
  </filter-mapping>   

  ps:过滤器在web.xml中的配置

<filter>   

        <filter-name>EncodingAndCacheflush</filter-name>   
        <filter-class>EncodingAndCacheflush</filter-class>   
        <init-param>   
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>   
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>   
        </init-param>   
    </filter>   
    <filter-mapping>   
        <filter-name>EncodingAndCacheflush</filter-name>   
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>   
    </filter-mapping>   

六、使用filter生效的注意事项

 

  要传递参数的时候最好使用form进行传参,如果使用链接的话当中文字符的时候过滤器转码是不会起作用的,还有就是页面上

 

form的method也要设置为post,不然过滤器也起不了作用。

 

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