今天下午工作完成没事,登w3c的网站学习了一下xslt的基础知识,主要是因为工作中xml用的比较多,xslt也有用到,所以在这里学习一下。
XSLT:一种用于转换 XML 文档的语言。
XSLT 用于将一种 XML 文档转换为另外一种 XML 文档,或者可被浏览器识别的其他类型的文档,比如 HTML 和 XHTML。通常,XSLT 是通过把每个 XML 元素转换为 (X)HTML 元素来完成这项工作的。XSLT 使用 XPath 在 XML 文档中查找信息。XPath 被用来通过元素和属性在 XML 文档中进行导航。
声明:<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">或<xsl:transform version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">,还要加上xml声明。
例子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th align="left">Title</th> <th align="left">Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
要转换的xml数据文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!-- Edited with XML Spy v2007 (http://www.altova.com) --> <catalog> <cd> <title>Empire Burlesque</title> <artist>Bob Dylan</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1985</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Hide your heart</title> <artist>Bonnie Tyler</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>CBS Records</company> <price>9.90</price> <year>1988</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Greatest Hits</title> <artist>Dolly Parton</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>RCA</company> <price>9.90</price> <year>1982</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Still got the blues</title> <artist>Gary Moore</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Virgin records</company> <price>10.20</price> <year>1990</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Eros</title> <artist>Eros Ramazzotti</artist> <country>EU</country> <company>BMG</company> <price>9.90</price> <year>1997</year> </cd> <cd> <title>One night only</title> <artist>Bee Gees</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Polydor</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1998</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Sylvias Mother</title> <artist>Dr.Hook</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>CBS</company> <price>8.10</price> <year>1973</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Maggie May</title> <artist>Rod Stewart</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Pickwick</company> <price>8.50</price> <year>1990</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Romanza</title> <artist>Andrea Bocelli</artist> <country>EU</country> <company>Polydor</company> <price>10.80</price> <year>1996</year> </cd> <cd> <title>When a man loves a woman</title> <artist>Percy Sledge</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Atlantic</company> <price>8.70</price> <year>1987</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Black angel</title> <artist>Savage Rose</artist> <country>EU</country> <company>Mega</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1995</year> </cd> <cd> <title>1999 Grammy Nominees</title> <artist>Many</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Grammy</company> <price>10.20</price> <year>1999</year> </cd> <cd> <title>For the good times</title> <artist>Kenny Rogers</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Mucik Master</company> <price>8.70</price> <year>1995</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Big Willie style</title> <artist>Will Smith</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>9.90</price> <year>1997</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Tupelo Honey</title> <artist>Van Morrison</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Polydor</company> <price>8.20</price> <year>1971</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Soulsville</title> <artist>Jorn Hoel</artist> <country>Norway</country> <company>WEA</company> <price>7.90</price> <year>1996</year> </cd> <cd> <title>The very best of</title> <artist>Cat Stevens</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Island</company> <price>8.90</price> <year>1990</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Stop</title> <artist>Sam Brown</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>A and M</company> <price>8.90</price> <year>1988</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Bridge of Spies</title> <artist>T`Pau</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Siren</company> <price>7.90</price> <year>1987</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Private Dancer</title> <artist>Tina Turner</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>Capitol</company> <price>8.90</price> <year>1983</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Midt om natten</title> <artist>Kim Larsen</artist> <country>EU</country> <company>Medley</company> <price>7.80</price> <year>1983</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Pavarotti Gala Concert</title> <artist>Luciano Pavarotti</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>DECCA</company> <price>9.90</price> <year>1991</year> </cd> <cd> <title>The dock of the bay</title> <artist>Otis Redding</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Atlantic</company> <price>7.90</price> <year>1987</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Picture book</title> <artist>Simply Red</artist> <country>EU</country> <company>Elektra</company> <price>7.20</price> <year>1985</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Red</title> <artist>The Communards</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>London</company> <price>7.80</price> <year>1987</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Unchain my heart</title> <artist>Joe Cocker</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>EMI</company> <price>8.20</price> <year>1987</year> </cd> </catalog>
转换结果(部分)
想要完成转换必须在xml数据文件中引入xsl文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!-- 引入xsl文件 --> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdcatalog.xsl"?> <catalog> <cd> <title>Empire Burlesque</title> <artist>Bob Dylan</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1985</year> </cd> . . . </catalog>
下面学习一些基本的xslt元素
<xsl:template>元素用于构建模板
match 属性用于关联 XML 元素和模板。match 属性也可用来为整个文档定义模板。match 属性的值是 XPath 表达式(举例,match="/" 定义整个文档)。
例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <tr> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
<xsl:value-of>:用于提取某个选定节点的值,并把值添加到转换的输出流中:
例子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/artist"/></td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
<xsl:for-each>:元素可用于选取指定的节点集中的每个 XML 元素
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
<xsl:sort>:如需对结果进行排序,只要简单地在 XSL 文件中的 <xsl:for-each> 元素内部添加一个 <xsl:sort> 元素
例子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <xsl:sort select="artist"/> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
<xsl:if>:如需放置针对 XML 文件内容的条件测试,请向 XSL 文档添加 <xsl:if> 元素。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <xsl:if test="price > 10"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:if> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
<xsl:choose>:<xsl:choose> 元素用于结合 <xsl:when> 和 <xsl:otherwise> 来表达多重条件测试。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="price > 10"> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff"> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="price > 9"> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
<xsl:apply-templates>:<xsl:apply-templates> 元素可把一个模板应用于当前的元素或者当前元素的子节点。假如我们向 <xsl:apply-templates> 元素添加一个 select 属性,此元素就会仅仅处理与属性值匹配的子元素。我们可以使用 select 属性来规定子节点被处理的顺序。
例子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <xsl:apply-templates/> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="cd"> <p> <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="artist"/> </p> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="title"> Title: <span style="color:#ff0000"> <xsl:value-of select="."/></span> <br /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="artist"> Artist: <span style="color:#00ff00"> <xsl:value-of select="."/></span> <br /> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>
结果:
另外还有像<xsl:text>,<xsl:number>等,更多元素,可以查看:XSLT 元素参考手册
关于<xsl:apply-templates>的更多内容,可以查看:【原创】浅谈对<xsl:apply-templates/>的理解
在java服务器转换xml为html:java编写xsl转换器(xslt)把xml文件转换为html文件
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/liunianfeiyu/p/9966678.html